Lecture 6: appendicular skeleton

Question 1

pectoral girdle (3)

Answer 1

• part of the shoulder
• anchor the upper limb to the body
• allows for movement of the shoulder

Question 2

scapula [define (2); components (5)]

Answer 2

= anchoring point for the upper limb

• attachment site of the humerus
• body
• glenoid fossa
• spine = site of muscle attachment
• acromion process = articulates with the clavicle
• caracoid process = stabilization and muscle attachment

Question 3

clavicle (3)

Answer 3

= curved bone that articulates with the acromion process of the scapula laterally and the manubrium of the sternum medially

• helps support the upper limb at the shoulder
• serves as attachment to the axial skeleton

Question 4

glenoid fossa of the scapula (2)

Answer 4

• site of articulation for the humerus

- movement of the arm takes place here

Question 5

body of the scapula (2)

Answer 5

• wide plate

- attachment site for rotatory cuff muscles that stabilize the shoulder

Question 6

head of the humerus articulates with ____

Answer 6

articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 7

anatomical neck of the humerus

Answer 7

• small ring that runs around the base of the neck

Question 8

lateral/ medial epicondyles of the humerus (2)

Answer 8

• projections at the distal end of the bone superior to condyles
• site of attachment for the tendons of the muscles of the forearms

Question 9

condyles of the humerus (2)

Answer 9

• capitula

- trochlea

Question 10

olecranon fossa of the humerus (2)

Answer 10

• posterior and distal aspects of the bone

- accommodates the elbow

Question 11

greater tubercle of the humerus

Answer 11

• site of attachment for the rotatory cuff muscles

Question 12

olecranon process of the ulna (2)

Answer 12

• located on the posterior proximal end

- articulates with humerus [at the trochlea] by inserting into its olecranon fossa

Question 13

the ulna [define; components (3)]

Answer 13

• medial; lines up with the 5th digit
• olecranon process
• head
• styloid process

Question 14

radius [define; components (2)]

Answer 14

• lateral; lines up with the thumb
• head
• styloid process

Question 15

head of the radius [2]

Answer 15

• proximal, round concave shape that articulates with the capitulum
• larger than the head of the ulna

Question 16

styloid process of the radius(3)

Answer 16

• at the distal end
• helps stabilize the wrist
• articulates at the scaphoid

Question 17

proximal// distal row of carpal bones in the wrist (8)

Answer 17

• scaphoid
• lunate
• capitate
• trapezium
  //
• trapezoid
• triquetrum
• pisiform
  -hamate

Question 18

scaphoid and lunate form ____ of the wrist joint

Answer 18

scaphoid and lunate form the distal aspect of the wrist joint

Question 19

site of articulation for the thumb

Answer 19

trapezium

Question 20

pollex

Answer 20

thumb

Question 21

parts of the hipbone (3)

Answer 21

• ilium
• ischium [posterior]
• pubis/ pubic bone [anterior]

Question 22

pelvic girdle [define; components (7)]

Answer 22

• os coxa [hipbones] unite anteriorly, and with the sacrum posteriorly
• illiac crest
• anterior superior illiac spine [ASIS]
• symphisis pubis
• acetabulum
• ischial tuberosity
• obturator foramen
• greater sciatic notch

Question 23

anterior superior illiac spine [ASIS]

Answer 23

• anterior side of the ilium

- used to locate the level of the ovaries

Question 24

illiac crest of pelvic girdle

Answer 24

• superior margin of ilium

Question 25

acetabulum of pelvic girdle

Answer 25

- cup shaped depression on the lateral side of the os coxae

Question 26

obturator foramen of the pelvic girdle(3)

Answer 26

- circular opening on the lateral side of the ox coxae - covered by membrane for muscle attachment - nerves and blood vessels pass through this

Question 27

greater sciatic notch of the pelvic girdle

Answer 27

- sciatic nerve passes through this

Question 28

parts of the femur (5)

Answer 28

- head - anatomical neck - surgical neck - greater trochanter - medial and lateral condyles

Question 29

head of the femur [articulation]

Answer 29

- articulates with the os coxae

Question 30

anatomical/ surgical neck of the femur [location]

Answer 30

- distal to the head // - across the shaft

Question 31

greater trochanter of the femur (2)

Answer 31

- larger lateral projection on the proximal end | - serves as an attachment for tendons and muscles

Question 32

- medial and lateral condyles of the femur (3) [location; articulation; purpose]

Answer 32

- distal end of the femur - articulates with the tibia - insertion points for ligaments and tendons

Question 33

components of the tibia (3) [location; components (2)]

Answer 33

- medial - medial/ lateral articular facets - medial malleolus = attachment points that hold ankle joints together

Question 34

components of the fibula [location; components (2)]

Answer 34

- lateral - head - lateral malleolus = holds ankle joints together

Question 35

talus articulates with ____ and ____ and forms the ankle joint

Answer 35

talus articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint

Question 36

calcaneous

Answer 36

heel

Question 37

hallux

Answer 37

big toe