psc2019 > lecture 5 (respiratory) > Flashcards

lecture 5 (respiratory) Flashcards

(19 cards)

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1
Q

what does idiopathic mean?

A
  • cause unknown
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2
Q

what are the effects of asbestos?

A
  • asbestosis
  • cancers
  • bronchial carcinoma
  • pleural thickening
  • mesothelioma
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3
Q

where is the interstitium located?

A
  • between the alveoli and capillaries
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4
Q

what do fibroblasts do?

A
  • release collagen
  • causes fibrosis
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5
Q

what occurs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?

A
  • alveoli become damaged and scarred
  • lungs become stiff
  • difficult for oxygen to get into blood
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6
Q

what is the pathogenesis of IPF?

A
  • susceptible host due to genetics/aging
  • injury to alveolar epithelium
  • abberent would healing response
  • release of probiotic cytokines
  • increased extracellular matrix deposition
  • impaired gas exchange leading to respiratory failure
  • recruitment/proliferation of fibroblasts
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7
Q

what are the values measured from IPF?

A
  • FEV1 decreased
  • VC decreased
  • FEV1/FVC decreased
  • affects lung function and lung volume
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8
Q

what treatment has been tried for IPF?

A
  • warfarin (harmful)
  • interferon gamma
  • interferon beta
  • bosentan
  • sildenafil
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9
Q

what are the only positive treatments found?

A
  • pirfenidone
  • nintedanib
  • both change FEV value
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10
Q

what does pirfenidone do?

A
  • suppresses fibroblast proliferation
  • inhibits TGF-beta
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11
Q

what are the side effects for pirfenidone?

A
  • GI upset
  • weight loss
  • photosensitive rash
  • hepatotoxicity
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12
Q

what is nintedanib?

A
  • tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor
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13
Q

what are the side effects of nintedanib?

A
  • GI upset
  • diarrhoea
  • hepatotoxicity
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14
Q

what other diseases have cautions with this treatment?

A
  • anticoagulants
  • cardiac disease
  • liver disease
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15
Q

what do these treatments allow?

A
  • lung function to decline less rapidly
  • doesnt improve the lung function
  • slows inflammation
  • slows build up of scar tissue
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16
Q

is there a cure for IPF?

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A
  • no
  • just medication to delay/slow progression
17
Q

what can be a cofactor to IPF?

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A
  • GI reflux
  • entry of fluid into trachea instead of stomach so enters lung (would cause infection)
18
Q

what methods of diagnosis are present?

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A
  • co-culture cells with basal fibroblasts
  • compare IPF tissues
  • scRNA sequencing of distal airway epithelial cells from IPF lung
19
Q

what changes were found in patients with IPF?

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A
  • dysregulation of lower surfactant proteins
  • higher MUC5B, galectin3, S100A4, MMP9 markers
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