lecture 5 (respiratory) Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
what does idiopathic mean?
A
- cause unknown
2
Q
what are the effects of asbestos?
A
- asbestosis
- cancers
- bronchial carcinoma
- pleural thickening
- mesothelioma
3
Q
where is the interstitium located?
A
- between the alveoli and capillaries
4
Q
what do fibroblasts do?
A
- release collagen
- causes fibrosis
5
Q
what occurs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
A
- alveoli become damaged and scarred
- lungs become stiff
- difficult for oxygen to get into blood
6
Q
what is the pathogenesis of IPF?
A
- susceptible host due to genetics/aging
- injury to alveolar epithelium
- abberent would healing response
- release of probiotic cytokines
- increased extracellular matrix deposition
- impaired gas exchange leading to respiratory failure
- recruitment/proliferation of fibroblasts
7
Q
what are the values measured from IPF?
A
- FEV1 decreased
- VC decreased
- FEV1/FVC decreased
- affects lung function and lung volume
8
Q
what treatment has been tried for IPF?
A
- warfarin (harmful)
- interferon gamma
- interferon beta
- bosentan
- sildenafil
9
Q
what are the only positive treatments found?
A
- pirfenidone
- nintedanib
- both change FEV value
10
Q
what does pirfenidone do?
A
- suppresses fibroblast proliferation
- inhibits TGF-beta
11
Q
what are the side effects for pirfenidone?
A
- GI upset
- weight loss
- photosensitive rash
- hepatotoxicity
12
Q
what is nintedanib?
A
- tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor
13
Q
what are the side effects of nintedanib?
A
- GI upset
- diarrhoea
- hepatotoxicity
14
Q
what other diseases have cautions with this treatment?
A
- anticoagulants
- cardiac disease
- liver disease
15
Q
what do these treatments allow?
A
- lung function to decline less rapidly
- doesnt improve the lung function
- slows inflammation
- slows build up of scar tissue
16
Q
is there a cure for IPF?
A
- no
- just medication to delay/slow progression
17
Q
what can be a cofactor to IPF?
A
- GI reflux
- entry of fluid into trachea instead of stomach so enters lung (would cause infection)
18
Q
what methods of diagnosis are present?
A
- co-culture cells with basal fibroblasts
- compare IPF tissues
- scRNA sequencing of distal airway epithelial cells from IPF lung
19
Q
what changes were found in patients with IPF?
A
- dysregulation of lower surfactant proteins
- higher MUC5B, galectin3, S100A4, MMP9 markers
