Lecture 6

Question 1

What is the definition of mutation

Answer 1

Heritable change in the nucleotide in the DNA cause alteration in genetic information

Question 2

What is the importance of mutation

Answer 2

Cause changes and adaptation

Question 3

What happen when GTPase mutated

Answer 3

GTP will not be able to hydrolysis GTP to GDP which will make RAS always activated and cause cancer

Question 4

What cause skin cancer

Answer 4

UV radiation

Question 5

What cause lung cancer

Answer 5

Smoking

Question 6

What are the two strategies of anti cancer to kill tumor cell

Answer 6

Radiotherapy or chemotherapy

Question 7

What are the endogenous causes of DNA damage

Answer 7

DNA replication error
Free radical
Base deamination

Question 8

What is the exogenous cause of cancer

Answer 8

Radiation and smoking

Question 9

When there is Damage in the DNA base which repaire mechanism is used

Answer 9

Base excision repair

Question 10

What cause APsite formation in BER

Answer 10

DNA glycosylase

Question 11

Where does AP endonuclease cleaves DNA

Answer 11

At the AP site

Question 12

Which enzym3 come with the repaired piece

Answer 12

DNA polymerase

Question 13

Which enzyme that joins the DNA

Answer 13

DNA ligase

Question 14

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is caused by ?

Answer 14

Lack of DNA repair from UV radiation and mutation in XP gene

Question 15

XP can lead to ?

Answer 15

Skin cancer

Question 16

IN Nucleotide excision repair ( NER) the damaged base is recognized by ?

Answer 16

complex containing XPA and XPC and DNA polymerase

Question 17

In NER the DNA is unwind by

Answer 17

XPB , XPD

Question 18

In NER the DNA lesion is cut by ?

Answer 18

XPF , XPG

Question 19

Genome is replicated in which phase

Answer 19

S phase

Question 20

In mismatch repair (MMR) what are the recognition proteins

Answer 20

MSH2 , MSH6

Question 21

In MMR the DNA is cut by

Answer 21

Sliding clamp

Question 22

What may cause double strands break

Answer 22

Ionizing radiation

Question 23

What are the types of ionizing radiation

Answer 23

X-ray , gamma ray

Question 24

Ionizing radiation have ……. Wavelength……….. energy

Answer 24

Short , high

Question 25

In DSB the breaks are bound to what and why ?

Answer 25

Ku80 , Ku70 to initiate repaire