lecture 6 Flashcards

Question

Treatment of miscarriage

Answer 1

Important to be examined to ensure no tissue remaining in uterus

Answer 2

Early prenatal care Detect and treat illness Avoid environmental hazards

Answer 3

50% of pregnant people suffer elevated levels of anxiety, depression, and grief Risk factors of psychological effects: History of psychiatric illness Childlessness (people who don't have children already) Lack of social support Poor relationship adjustment Prior pregnancy loss

Answer 4

Chances of miscarriage decrease a lot Physical changes in pregnant person Decreased symptoms Constipation,nosebleeds Expanding belly Fetal movements Edema (water retention) Breasts fully developed (colostrum) Psychological changes in pregnant person: Calm, well being, pride, excitement, maternal responsiveness

Answer 5

Physical changes in pregnant person: Uterus is large and hard Symptoms from pressure on organs Aware of fetal activity ~Kicking belly Awkwardness ~Balance is affected ~Gaining of weight Braxton-hicks contractions ~Uterus contracts to prepare for pregnancy Engagement of head ~Pressure in pelvis, head moves to bottom of uterus

Answer 6

Impatience, concern re: health of baby and delivery

Answer 7

Varies person to person but usually lasts 30 seconds Often changes with different positions

Answer 8

Increased display of pregnant bodies positive regard and acceptance of pregnant belly

Answer 9

Celebrity portrayal is often unrealistic Celebrity Weight Loss immediately after giving birth

Answer 10

Attitudes depend on context

Answer 11

2 conditions: Pregnant vs non pregnant lady in store ~Pregnant lady experienced more positivity when looking for a gift in store Pregnant vs. non pregnant lady applying for job ~Pregnant lady experiences more rudeness

Answer 12

Some OLD studies show that visibly pregnant women are judged as being less committed to their jobs, less dependable, less authoritative, more emotional, and more irrational than otherwise equal, non pregnant female managers

Answer 13

A lot less Formal bias because of policies: ~Compensation (wage penalties) ~HR policies and procedures (hiring, advancement, promotion) Interpersonal bias is definitely still present: ~Devaluation from colleagues ~Changes in relationships at work internalized bias: ~maternal body(“there is no place for a pregnant body in workplace) ~role(a good mother priorities motherhood and not work)

Answer 14

The Canadian Human Rights Act (Canada; prohibits discrimination related to pregnancy) The pregnancy discrimination ACT (USA)

Answer 15

Views on teen pregnancy are more negative Gaby rodriguez’s pregnancy project Wore a fake pregnant belly to school Experience malicious rumors More discrimination for older women having babies too

Answer 16

Teen pregnancy rates and teen abortions decline 36.9% from 1996 to 2006 Was 44/1000 in 2007, 30/1000 in 2017

Answer 17

People value career and traveling more now than in past

Answer 18

In PEI (prince edward island) (23.4/1000) and NB (new brunswick) and NL(newfoundland) (26/1000)

Answer 19

MB (manitoba) (53.4/1000), NT (northwest territories)(78.7/1000), and NU (Nunavut) (118.8/1000)

Answer 20

Differences in education

Answer 21

Medical ultrasound Nutrition Vitamins, mineral, protein Exercise Really encourage to stay active

Answer 22

(leading causes of birth defects) intellectual/behavioral problems Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder : ~Most serious case: Fetal alcohol syndrome (only 1%) Post and prenatal growth issues Smaller brains, smaller eyes, joint issues, etc… No alcohol should be drank during pregnancy

Answer 23

~Slows fetal growth development ~Premature birth, low birth weight, increase of asthma ~11% of people smoke during pregnancy

Answer 24

Leads to decreases fertility (recommended to not smoke when trying to conceive) Prematurity, low birth weight

Answer 25

Current medical advice: no medical evidence that sex is harmful to fetus at any point Changes in sexual behavior : Decline in sexual activity in 1st trimester Increase in sexual activity in 2nd trimester Decline in sexual activity in 3rd trimester

Answer 26

Pregnancy and postpartum are a vulnerable time for couples sexual lives Changes to sexual function (desire,arousal, lubrication, pain) are common after having a baby Dryness in vagina due to hormonal changes Greater sexual distress, lower relationship satisfaction, and more depressive symptoms are more likely to experience persistent problems with postpartum sexual function People mostly return to being satisfied with sexual lives between 3-6 months postpartum

Answer 27

some men experience physical symptoms of pregnancy while partner is pregnant Indigestion, nausea Hormonal changes in men with a pregnant partner

Answer 28

Male partner experiences his own labor while partner is going through labor

Answer 29

Most fathers are expected to be involved Many men experience increased maturity and meaning of life

Answer 30

Mucous plug discharge: small amount of bloody mucus (plug in the cervix that prevents germs from passing from vagina into uterus is shed) Ruptured membranes (water breaking): usually occurs later in labor and not as the first step Increased Braxton-Hicks contractions

Answer 31

Effacement of cervix: thinning of cervix ~Regular contractions of uterus cause cervix to thin out and dilate Dilation of cervix ~Must dilate to 10 cm/4 inches before baby can be born ~Can take variety of time (2 hours-24 hours or more) ~~Average is about 12-15 hours for first pregnancy, then 8 hours or less for future pregnancies Contractions ~Uterine contractions becomes closer and closer in time and more intense ~When contractions are 4-5 mins apart you are ready to go to hospital

Answer 32

Babies head moves to birth canal Urge to push Labor lasts a few mins to a few hours ~Usually much shorter than first stage The uterus contracts down, pushing baby to birth canal Crowning: top of head is visible Episiotomy:incision is made to perineum to make larger entrance for babies to exit ~17% of women ~more recommended for tissues to naturally tear for better healing

Answer 33

Still connected by umbilical cord Air in lungs When baby can breathe on its own, umbilical cord is cut Once baby is born, immediately place on mothers chest to promote parent-infant bonding Promotes breast-feeding

Answer 34

Placenta detaches Afterbirth expelled Any other fluids secreted If episiotomy occur, stitches are given

Answer 35

C-section surgical procedure used for delivery ~Baby's head too large ~Persons pelvis is too small ~Baby is breech or transverse(meaning feet first) ~Cervix is not dilating ~Person is nearing exhaustion ~Placenta previa: Placenta is attached to uterus and too close to cervix

Answer 36

About 31.7% of births in canada in 2022 (higher than other western countries)

Answer 37

Vaginal birth is the most safest way Rates of c-section are increasing bc More fetal monitoring during labor (more able to see if baby is in distress)

Answer 38

Infection of bladder or uterus Injury to uterus Injury to baby

Answer 39

hospital adopt appropriate precautions

Answer 40

We need to approach all people with informed consent during labor and delivery Making individual feels empowered and safe

Answer 41

Education: to reduce fear of giving birth Relaxation: during birth to reduce tension Lamaze method (form of prepared childbirth) ~~Teaches relaxation, breathing exercises, reduces tension in body ~~Positive outlook on birth outlook, improves childbirth process

Answer 42

Women present for emotional and physical support Can't perform medical procedures Very supported by research literature

Answer 43

Very experienced in childbirth and labor Stays with person throughout entire pregnancy Give prenatal care Can offer home or hospital birth

Answer 44

Painkillers Epidural Laughing gas

Answer 45

Reserved for pregnant people who have low risk of complications Rated more positive than hospital birth

Answer 46

Motherhood is completely happy and satisfying Being a mother is a woman’s ultimate fulfillment New mothers will feel perfectly component due to her “natural” mothering skills

Answer 47

Childcarae is exhausting 35% of babies in USA are born to unmarried women Fathers usually help much less than expected Post birth pain in uterus, vagina New mothers feel incompetent Expectations diff from reality Little contact with other adults Father may feel neglected by mother

Answer 48

Women report incerases sense of own strength Parenting can be fun and interesting Idneifitng and developing ability to nurture

Answer 49

Excitement, pride Role in pregnancy Same concerns as person who gave birth

Answer 50

child bearing as socially desirable

Answer 51

choose to without child

Answer 52

Physical changes ~Drastic drop in levels of estrogen and progesterone Psychological changes ~Baby blues (usually goes away after couple weeks), postpartum depression (clinical, 10-20%) Attachment ~Some people don't feel attached to baby right away ~Difficulty to feel attached to baby Postpartum sexuality ~Cervix needs to recover ~Wait 6 weeks before sex ~Sex can hurt ~Less sex after giving birth

Answer 53

Colostrum(not milk) levels increase Milk after 2-3 days of giving birth Prolactin:levels stay constant as long as breastfeeding Prolactin levels increase when baby wants to feed (feedback level) Oxytocin Bonding hormone in response to infant sucking on nipple

Answer 54

According to canadian guidelines its good to breastfeed for first 6 months Mixed reviews, but just being fed is best When people breastfeed, it takes much energy, so people tend to lose weight

Answer 55

Inability to conceive or inability to impregnate a person Infertile means you have frequent unprotected sex for a year, and has not been successful Getting pregnant success rates for fertile women 20% get pregnant after 1 month, 50% after 6 months, 80% after 1 year Causes of infertility: 40% due to female, 40% due to male

Answer 56

Timing, frequency, and positions of intercourse Fertility Drugs Assisted insemination Sperm donor In vitro fertilization Surrogate mother/pregnancy

Answer 57

Yes, With orgasm there's more fluid, more retained semen