lecture 7 Flashcards by Rachel Hou

Age 10- first crush or attraction
Age 12-14 -first kiss
Age 15-16 first genital fondling
Age 16-19 first intercourse
Timeline above Similar to sexual script for a sexual encounter

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Different Data sources from reported sexual data

Retrospective surveys with adults
~Comes from surveys from adults recalling their experience
~Don’t know how accurate people memory are

Kinsey interviews

Talking computer interviews
~Children tend to report more data when reporting to computer than person

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Surveys with adolescents

~Canadian youth, sexual health, and IV/AIDS study
~Bibby (2001,2009)

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Factors influencing psychosexual development:
Parental socialization

Expectations
Do parents view sex a positive or negative thing

Reactions
Parents reaction to sexual things such as media portrayed sex

Communication
Is sex talked about? Do parents initiate sex talk?

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Factors influencing psychosexual development:

Social learning (modeling)
How sex is portrayed in media

Sexual experiences
Developmentally appropriate
Abusive

Cultural factors
Cultures have different views on sexual things

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Infancy and preschool Years (0-4 years)

Sexual response
Freud was first to express infants have sexual urges
Little infants with penis can get erections
Vaginal lubrication in infants in first 24 hours after birth

Attachment
Infant-parent bond important for later sexual relationships
Early in life attachment is similar to attachment style later in life

Self stimulation
12-16 months of age, infants will discover their genitals
15-19 months will touch genitals more due to curiosity
Orgasm are possible at this age

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infancy and prschool (0-4)

By age 4-5

Child-child encounters
Children will play games with each other and show each other their genitals
Behavior is not sexually motivated

Knowledge starts to increase around this age
By age 5, they understand marriage
Age 5-6, they start thinking about biological sex from genitals

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Sexuality during childhood (5-11 years)
adrenarche

Maturation of adrenal glands->start to produce androgens around 8-10
This may be why people get their first crush around 10

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childhood (5-11): mastrubation

By age 12
To orgasm boys: 42%, girls:20%
Not to orgasm: boys:27%, girls: 18%
Boys start to masturbate earlier than girls. Why?
Boys have external genitalia, girls have internal genitals
Boys talk about masturbating more than girls, which is how they learn to masturbate from their peers

Girls learn about masturbation on their own accidentally through cleaning, touching, which is why the rate of masturbation increases gradually for girls
By age 14:
Boys 62.6%
Girls: 43.4%

By age 17:
boys:80%
girl:58%

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Mixed-sex sexual play (boys and girls play together) during childhood (5-11):

Children will learn about intercourse around age 12
Between age 6-12: 80% of kids have had consented sexual activities
Ie: kissing, showing genitals

Same-sex sex play:

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Debra Haffner: from diapers to dating..

Takeaway: be “aksable”- talk to children about sexuality instead of waiting for them to talk to you

Children who have good sex education have better sexual health in future and are more responsible in the future

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Sexualization occurs when:

A person’s value comes from sexual appeal or behavior
A person is held to a standard in which physical attraction=being sexy
A person is sexually objectified
Sexuality is inappropriately imposed on another person

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examples of sexualization

Boys:TV, games, movies that promote masculinity, physical power, sex for men involves aggressive domination or beautiful women for pleasure of men

Girls: sexual objectification, weight, appearance
Beauty pageants

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Sexuality during adolescence(12-18 years)

Huge surge of sexual Interest during puberty and it continues:
Biological factors: increase in testosterone for all genders
Social factors: cognitive and developmental; awareness of gender roles, awareness of sexual scripts, social media portrayals

Same-sex sexual behavior becomes more common

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masturbation (12-18) adolescence

According to kinsey data, there’s sharp increase in masturbation from 13-15
Increase after puberty
Sharp increase for boys
Gradual increase for girls

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Attitudes toward masturbation (12-18)

Attitudes tend to be more positive currently
Doesn’t mean they’re always pos, in media they’re depicted more neg than pos

Attitudes

Adolescents are more accepting now about same-sex
But.. theres more bullying for same sex behavior
Lots of fluidity and exploration

Mixed sex sexual behavior

Attitudes: have become more accepting

Behavior:there is not a huge increase in sexual behavior since 1980’s
But.. Age of first intercourse is going down since 1960’s

Number of kids having sex early is going down Bc of sex education

Immigrants have sex at later ages than people born in Canada

40% of immigrant men engage in sexual activity, 60% of canadian men have engaged in sexual activity by age 16
Extent to which you’re acculturated to a culture impacts rate of sexual behavior

which province has sex at youngest age

quebec

provinces differ in their ages of first having sex

Motives for engaging in intercourse

Love and affection (expressed more by girls)
Curiosity and experimentation (expressed more by boys)

Other reasons:
Increased intimacy
Sexual pleasure
Increased social status

Motives for not engaging in intercourse

Not ready
Not having right opportunity
Not meeting right person
Wanting to be a virgin at marriage

First intercourse

60% with serious partner (most with serious partner)
20% with casual partner
16% with friend
More rated as positive experience

Tsuit and Nicolades:
½ emotional satisfaction after first intercourse
40% rated as good or excellent for first intercourse

Predictors of satisfaction at first intercourse

Intentional (not spontaneous)
People less committed to gender roles
More positive body image

Losing virginity (Carpenter) different perspectives

Gift: Virginity is special and should be saved and gifted to a special someone Stigma: Its shameful to be a virgin More shameful as age increases Process: Virginity and loss is a step of growing up People with gift and process outlook tend to plan more, process outlook has most realistic outlook

Sexuality during adolescence(12-18)

Too early sex=15 or younger ~Associated with risks ~~Less likely to use condom ~~More likely to have sex with more than one partner ~~Higher risk of teen pregnancy ~~Higher risk of STIs Rate of too early sex has gone down

Predictors of too early sex:

Living in single parent home Having more depressive symptoms Antisocial behavior Parent child conflict Having more other sex friends Having friends who use alcohol and drugs Lower academic achievement

Pros Adolescent romantic relationships:

Learn skills and scripts needed to maintain long term relationship Develop future goals Explore identity Develop future goals Lear communication Learn to enhance intimacy

Cons adolescent romantic relationships

Some are low quality with high conflict, controlling behavior Emotional experience can include, anxiety, jealousy, depression Cyberstalking and stalking behaviors Harassment for LGBTQ youth Extradyadic sexual activity: cheating on partners (fairly common in adolescent)

Adolescent pregnancy rates

2.8% of teen girls in 2010, 2.5% in 2019 (going down) Lower than US, but higher than Europe

Highest rates of STI are among adolescents

Inconsistent condom and contraceptive use

Increasing likelihood of adolescent condom use:

Motivation: support for condom use Skill: confidence in putting on condoms

Preventing teen pregnancy

Access to info about contraceptives Greater societal acceptance of sexual activity among young people

OSA(online sexual activity)/sexting/social media(very common) Sexting

Sexual messages or images via cellphone ~39% if teens have sexted ~15-20% teens posted/sent nude or semi-nude pictures ~30% received nude or semi-nude pics

Criminal code of canada

Nude photos of under age 18 is child pornography But they created Intimate photo rule stating: if the image is kept private and intimate is is not child pornography if everyone is under 18 Then in 2018, it became illegal to circulate any nude photo of someone of any age

Sexuality among lgbtq adolescent

Begin to process social implications of sexual orientation/identity Behaviors vs. identity/orientation Bullying Higher for LGBTQ

Emerging Adulthood

Ages 19-24=emerging adulthood/late adolescence mastrubation= 98% if men, 80% of women masturbate Continues to increase intercourse=85% by age 24 Most in context of romantic relationships not marriage Oral sex is increasing

Hookups in emerging adulthood

Hookups: Any sexual behavior is a uncommitted context Between 60-80% of young adults college students have had some sort of hookup experience Some people think hookups are a gateway to romantic relationship (65% women, 45% men) Hoping the hookup turn into romantic relationship Downsides 78% coerced sex occurs in hookups Orgasm gap tends to be prominent (women orgasm less) Hookups occur bc alcohol use(31% people regret it due to subst