lecture 5 Flashcards
Rates of STI are
increasing
Why are STI rates increasing:
Better screening and more people getting tested/diagnosed
Decrease in condom use in vulnerable groups (ie drug use)
Most common STI’s among university students:
chlamydia, HPV, and herpes
percentage of STI in Canada
19% of women, 12% of men
2 Major categories
Bacterial, viral
Bacterial:
can be cured with antibiotics
Viral:
caused by virus that cant be cured
Chlamydia (bacterial)
Most prevalent bacterial STI in CA
Rates have been rising since 1997
SYMPTOMS:
PENIS: 50% asymptomatic, thin, clear discharge, mild discomfort on urination
diagnosis=urine sample
vaginas=75% asymptomatic, abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with urination
Diagnosis: urine sample or vaginal swab
Consequences of not treating chlamydia:
For vaginas:pelvic inflammatory disease (might infect the fallopian tubes)
Some might not know they have chlamydia until trying to get pregnant
For penis: epididymitis
Gonorrhea(bacterial)
Oldest of sexual diseases
Venereal disease(Greek Hypocrates thought to be bc of excessive indulgence of venus)
Rates are declining and less common
Caused by gonococcus bacteria
symptoms of gonnorhea
Penis: white pus like discharge from urethra
diagnosis=urine test
Vagina: usually no symptoms (bc its higher up in the reproductive tract so discharge might not come out)
~Pelvic inflammatory disease
~Diagnosis: urine test and pelvic exam
treatment of gonorrhea
Treatment: antibiotics
Consequences: can affect reproductive tract, in rare cases can infect bladder
Syphilis (bacterial)
Fairly uncommon now
2012=2003 new cases in Canada
2018=6311 new cases in Canada (slightly increasing)
Very serious :Can damage nervous system and even lead to death
Symptoms of syphillis
Chancre:ulcer like lesion resembling a crater where bacteria enters the body
~Chancre can be internal, on mouth, or hands
~Chancre is painless
~Shows up 3 weeks after exposure
4 stages of syphilis:
1)primary stage: chancre appear but naturally go away
2)secondary stage:body rash develops
Varies in appearance, doesnt itch or hurt
Some people experience hair loss
Rash goes away after few weeks
3)latent syphilis: no symptoms, but bacteria is burrowing into body (bloodstream, bone tissues)
Disease is not infectious at latent stage
If pregnant, can be passed onto baby
50% of people continue life at this stage
4)late syphilis: serious effects due to bacteria burrowing in body
Major effects on cardiovascular
Neurosyphilis: attack on brain and spinal cord-> paralysis
can onset 10-40 years after
Congenital syphilis
syphilis passed onto baby
Can also lead to complications where baby experiences symptoms 10-20 yrs later
Diagnosis for syphillis
Difficult to diagnose
Genital or pelvic exam, full body exam, blood tests
treatment for syphillis
penicillin
HPV(viral)
Human papillomavirus
Around 75% of sexually active canadian will have one kind of HPV in lifetime
Highest rate between age 15-24
More than 40 diff types that cause genital warts and cancer
Type 6 and 11 cause genital warts
HPV can also cause cancer in throat and mouth, cervical or anal cancer
Non-reportable (physicians don’t need to send in report when someone is diagnosed), so no national Canadian data
Can clear up on its own after 1-2 years, but there’s so many strains that you can clear one, but easily get another strain
Symptoms HPV
90% asymptomatic
Very rare genital warts appearing on genitals
Diagnosis of HPV
inspection of warts
Treatment of HPV
creams, freezing
Can you get warts in your mouth from HPV?:
yes, can be transmitted from kissing or oral (not common, usually occurs in someone thats immunosuppressed)
vaccine for HPV
Gardasil:Protects against 9 types of HPV
approved for young girls
