Lecture 6-7- Neuron and Synapse

Question 1

Which part of the CNS regulated the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

Afferent is which system?

Answer 2

sensory

Question 3

Efferent is which system?

Answer 3

Motor

Question 4

Is the retina somatic or visceral?

Answer 4

Somatic

Question 5

Branch-like extensions of the soma are….

Answer 5

Dendrites

Question 6

The interior of an axon is more ______ charged than the surrounding environment?

Answer 6

Negative

Question 7

In depolarization, the charge is more______ than the RMP

Answer 7

Positive

Question 8

ESPS stands for

Answer 8

Excitatory post-synaptic potential

Question 9

IPSP stands for

Answer 9

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential

Question 10

IPSP stands for

Answer 10

Inhibitory post-synaptic potential

Question 11

In an EPSP, the membrane is more positive or negative than the RMP?

Answer 11

positive

Question 12

Inhibitory potentials are: hyperpolarizing or depolarizing?

Answer 12

Hyperpolarizing

Question 13

Stronger sensory input results in a larger or smaller potential?

Answer 13

Larger

Question 14

Two types of summation?

Answer 14

Spatial and Temporal

Question 15

What happens to Na and K during depolarization?

Answer 15

Na channels open, Na travels into the cell

Question 16

What happens to Na and K during repolarization?

Answer 16

Na channels close and K channels open. K diffuses out of the cell.

Question 17

What two things can increase conduction speed?

Answer 17

Larger axon diameter and myelination

Question 18

Jumping of signals between nodes of Ranvier is called…

Answer 18

Saltatory conduction

Question 19

Two types of synapses

Answer 19

Chemical synapses (majority in CNS and skeletal muscle) and Electrical synapses (smooth muscle and cardiac)

Question 20

What does NLJ stand for?

Answer 20

Neuromuscular junction

Question 21

What is another name for pre-synaptic terminals?

Answer 21

Boutons

Question 22

What are two types of postsynaptic membrane receptors and NMJ

Answer 22

Ion channels and Second messenger activators

Question 23

What triggers NT release at the NMJ?

Answer 23

Ca channels open, Ca flows into the cell and initiates NT release

Question 24

What ion facilitates inhibition?

Answer 24

Cl- entering the cell

Question 25

What is a motor end plate?

Answer 25

Complex branching of a nerve where it innervates a muscle

Question 26

What NT is used at the NMJ?

Answer 26

Ach

Question 27

Where are junctional folds present to increase surface area for NT absorption?

Answer 27

On the muscle of NMJ

Question 28

What does Ach bind to on muscle cells?

Answer 28

Nicotinic receptors

Question 29

What breaks down Ach

Answer 29

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 30

Nerve-nerve junctions and NMJ both rely on what ion for NT release?

Answer 30

Ca2+

Question 31

Which type of junction can receive excitatory or inhibitory signals?

Answer 31

Nerve-nerve junctions

Question 32

Which type of junction only uses Ach?

Answer 32

NMJ

Question 33

Which type of junction most often needs summation of AP before firing?

Answer 33

Nerve-nerve juncitons

Question 34

Exercise-induced weakness, megaesophagus, and drooling, with normal reflexes are symptoms of what disease?

Answer 34

Acquired Myasthenia Gravis

Question 35

What physiologic change causes Acquired Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 35

Destruction of Ach receptors

Question 36

What disease has symptoms such as ascending weakness, complete flaccid paralysis, and normal mentation?

Answer 36

Tick paralysis

Question 37

What physiologic change happens in tick paralysis?

Answer 37

Toxin binds to receptors, Ach cannot be released, Ca channels cannot open

Question 38

What disease causes decreased to absent reflexes, muscle tremors, and acute tetra paresis?

Answer 38

Snake envenomation

Question 39

Snake envenomation causes what physiologic changes?

Answer 39

Venom binds irreversibly to Ach receptors

Question 40

Excessive salivation, excessive parasympathetic salivation, urination, bronchoconstriction, bradycardia, stiff gait, muscle twitching, and weakness are all symptoms of what disease?

Answer 40

Organophosphate toxicity