Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Compounding Exam 1 > lecture 6 - capsules > Flashcards

lecture 6 - capsules Flashcards

(52 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

capsules are a solid dosage form in which medicinal agents/excipients are enclosed in a small shell of what

A

either gelatin or synthetic polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what may be encapsulated in capsules?**

A

any liquid/solid/semisolid that DOES NOT DISSOLVE GELATIN (or synthetic polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

true or false

liquids can be encapsulated in capsules

A

true they can

as long as they don’t dissolve gelatin/synthetic polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are HGC and SGC

A

hard/soft gelatin capsules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which solid dosage form allows powders to be delivered in a LOOSE FORM**

A

capsules - do not need to be compressed!!! no granulation required

can be dispensed in UNCOMPRESSED form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

true or false

capsules are more stable and easier to transport and store than liquids

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

true or false

capsules cannot be easily identified, which is a disadvantage

A

FALSE
they can many colors lines symbols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a disadvanttage of capsules is that they are subject to the effects of what 2 things**

A

relative humidity and microbial contamination

geltain and polymers can easily absorb water fro the air – becomes both stability and microbial issue bc they grow in free water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

true or false***

a major disadvantage of capsules is that hygroscopic and deliquescent substances cannot be formulated into capsules

A

TRUE

will absorb the water from the shell and the shell will become brittle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what will happen if an efflorescent material is formulated into a capsule

A

water will be liberated and the shell will absorb, making the shell SOGGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

true or false

capsules are not suitable for pediatric patients

A

true - this is a disadvantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name the components of hard gelatin capsules vs soft gelatin capsules

A

gelatin
water
sugar

for soft gelatin: gelatin, glycerin or sorbitol, preservatives, water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the larger and narrow portion of the capsule is called ___ while the wider and smaller called ____

A

larger and narrow - body

smaller and wider - cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

****typical moisture content of hard gelatin capsule

what happens if outside the range?

A

10-15%

if lower than 10 = brittle
higher than 15 = sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which are the most commercially used and also easier to compound in the facility - soft or hard gelatin capsules

A

hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is added to hard gelatin capsules to make them opaque

A

titanium dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the purpose of glycerin or sorbitol being in a soft gelatin capsule

A

as a plasticizer - makes the capsule elastic and pliable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which capsules contain preservatives and why

A

SOFT GELATIN - bc they have high moisture content at greater than 20%***888

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how are soft gelatin capsules sealed

A

HERMETICALLY - no cap and body like hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

true or false

soft gelatin capsules are difficult to compound

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

true or false

soft gelatin capsules can incorporate volatile liquids

Study These Flashcards
A

false

only water miscible or immiscible NON volatile liquids

22
Q

what is the main component of a capsule shell

23
Q

explain the solubility of gelatin and how this is used to our advantage

Study These Flashcards
A

insoluble in COLD WATER

soluble in HOT water – warm gastric fluid!!! rapidly dissolves in stomach to expose the drug and become available for absorption

24
Q

as mentioned, gelatin is insoluble in cold water

however,

Study These Flashcards
A

softens up by absorbing water – up to 10x its weight – this is how capsules lose their integrity

25
what is a major patient-related issue with capsules
has gelatin in it --- relgious or dietary reasons -- pt may not want
26
what are the types of gelatin and where do they come from what does each contribute to?
Type A - comes from pork skin - contributes to plasticity and clarity Type B - comes from animal bones - contributes to firmness they're both combined to obtain optimal shell characterisitics
27
type a gelatin is prepared by ___ while type b gelatin is prepared by ____
type a - acid hydrolysis type b - alkaline hydrolyssi
28
which is NOT a gelatin alternative******** pullulan plantcaps hypromellose conisnap vcaps
conisnaps
29
name 2 gelatin alternatives and give an example of each*****
pullulan (polysaccharide) ---- PLANTCAPS cellulose derivatives - HPMC (hypromellose) --- VCAPS
30
name 2 tamper resistant capsule shells
coni snap coni snap supro
31
explain the 3 features of coni snap that make it tamper evident
tapered rims to avoid telescoping indentations/dimples to prevent premature opening locking grooves that lock the 2 parts after capsule is filled basically, once it clicks it's extremely difficult to reopen it
32
what is the difference between coni snap and coni snap supro
coni snap supro has all the features of coni snap except it is smaller and has the lower protion of the capsule concealed except for the very end where it is rounded --- makes it more difficult to open more tamper resistant
33
what is the GOAL of the API content in capsules
plus/minus 5% of prescribed amount (doesnt NEED to be - but that's goal)
34
TRUE OR FALSE the powder incorporated into capsules should be uniform in size and fine state of subdivision
true use particle size reduction methods like trituration to achieve this reduction in particle size as well as uniform mixture
35
when calculating amount of powder to make for capsules what is very important to consider
there's risk for losing powder - CALCULATE FOR 2 EXTRA CAPSULES
36
in compounding capsules, the ___ is always filled and not the ____
body is filled and not the cap
37
name 2 techniques to achieve uniform distribution for the powder incorporated into capsules
trituration and geometric dilution
38
d.t.d
give of such dose
39
give 3 ex of inert diluent used in capsules
lactose sucrose dextrin
40
lactose is most frequently used as diluent for capsules what are options for lactose intolerant patients
calcium or mg salts sucrose dextrin starch
41
what is the largest capsule size and what is the smallest*****
largest is 000 smallest is 5
42
the weight of your capsules will differ depending on....
the density of your powder mixture
43
TRUE OR FALSE the SMALLEST capsule size that is able to hold your powder mixture is preferred
TRUE
44
name 3 ways that capsule size can be determined
1. best way is by trial 2. rule of 6 3. rule of 7
45
rule of 6 is fairly accurate when the bulk density of the powdered material is about....
0.6g/mL
46
explain how to do the rule of 6******
6-cap size that result is the weight in GRAINS 1 grain = 65mg
47
grains to mg conversion*******
1 grain = 65mg
48
differentiate between the weight variation tests of hard gelatin vs soft gelatin capsules**********
hard gelatin - 10 capsules weighed individually soft gelatin - gross weight of 10 capsules determined individually. each capsule cut open and contents are removed with a solvent. this solvent is evaporated at room temp and the empty dried shells are weighed net content weight calculated from difference of gross weight - capsule shell
49
in content uniformity testing for capsules, ____ out of ____ should have drug strength in what range
9/10 85%-115%
50
what is moisture permeation test
done on capsules dessicant pellet will change color in the presence of moisture also, pre and post test weights are measured to determine how much water absorbed --- weight changes
51
differentiate between disintegration test and dissolution test
disintegration - how long capsule content disintegrates completely into a soft mass with no firm core. dissolution - rate at which the drug is being released
52

Compounding Exam 1 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions