Lecture 6: Flow of Genetic Information

Question 1

Flow of genetic information

Answer 1

1. Replication
2. Transcription
3. Translation

Question 2

what 3 kinds of RNA are produced through replication?

Answer 2

rRNA, mRNA, tRNA

Question 3

how many genes do eukaryotes use for transcription?

Answer 3

1 gene

Question 4

plasmid

Answer 4

non-essential extrachromosomal genetic element carrying gene

Question 5

what does DNA gyrase do?

Answer 5

uncoils the DNA

Question 6

what mechanisms do linear vs circular DNA use?

Answer 6

linear- histones
circular- supercoil

Question 7

what is the result of replication?

Answer 7

1 old & 1 new strand

Question 8

what compound does replication use?

Answer 8

dNTP

Question 9

where does replication occur?

Answer 9

oriC

Question 10

leading vs lagging strand

Answer 10

leading- continuous
lagging- discontinuous & okazaki fragments

Question 11

what does the exonuclease do?

Answer 11

removes nucleotides

Question 12

what does DNA ligase do?

Answer 12

sticks DNA together by resizing

Question 13

what is the direction of replication?

Answer 13

Bidirectional (opposite directions & meet in middle)

Question 14

what is the replisome?

Answer 14

large replication complex

Question 15

what is the error rate of replication?

Answer 15

10^-8 - 10^-11

Question 16

what does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 16

synthesizes RNA

Question 17

how many strands are transcribed during during transcription?

Answer 17

1 strand

Question 18

what does a sigma factor do?

Answer 18

tells enzyme where to bind & start transcription

Question 19

how many base pairs does TATAAT have?

Answer 19

10

Question 20

how many base pairs does TTGACA have?

Answer 20

35

Question 21

Genes are ( ) expressed

Answer 21

constitutively

Question 22

what does constitutively expressed mean?

Answer 22

gene is always expressed at a basic level at all times

Question 23

what do effectors do?

Answer 23

change binding affinity by changing conformation of activator proteins

Question 24

Repressor function

Answer 24

turn off expression

Question 25

Activator function

Answer 25

turn on expression

Question 26

what happens when there is no repressor during transcription?

Answer 26

genes are never repressed

Question 27

what type of RNA is produced through transcription?

Answer 27

mRNA

Question 28

what does polycistronic mean?

Answer 28

multiple proteins on 1 molecule of mRNA

Question 29

what does operon mean?

Answer 29

1 promoter that controls multiple genes

Question 30

what does regulon mean?

Answer 30

many promoters

Question 31

stem loop function

Answer 31

produces structure that causes polymerase to pause & fall off

Question 32

what does an inverted loop do?

Answer 32

recruit a protein to stop transcription