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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 6: Nervous System & Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Nervous System & Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 subunits of the nervous system?

A

central nervous system
peripheral nervous sys
autonomic nervous sys

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2
Q

the brain and spinal cord make up the ____ .

A

CNS

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3
Q

the cranial nerves and spinal nerves make up the ____ .

A

PNS

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4
Q

the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems make up the _____ .

A

ANS

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5
Q

what defines cranial vs. spinal nerves?

A

their root

cranial — medulla

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6
Q

another phrase for the sympathetic system

A

fight or flight

thoracolumbar

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7
Q

another phrase for the parasympathetic system

A

feed and breed

craniosacral

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8
Q

the PNS _____ information between…..?

A

carries info between CNS and internal environment

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9
Q

sensory pathways

A

afferent

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10
Q

motor pathways

A

efferent

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11
Q

afferent pathway direction

A

sensory

environment —-> CNS

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12
Q

efferent pathway direction

A

motor

CNS —–> muscles

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13
Q

how many nerves are included in the ____ system?

A

PNS
12 cranial nerve pairs
31 spinal nerve pairs

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14
Q

T/F: the ANS is entirely sensory pathways.

A

false

entirely motor

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15
Q

the ANS is responsible for innervating _____ .

A

smooth muscle and glands/viscera/guts

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16
Q

stages of neural tube development

A

neural plate
neural folds
neural tube

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17
Q

components of tripartite brain

A

prosencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon

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18
Q

components of Pentapartite brain

A 
prosencephalon
telencephalon
diencephalon
mesencephalon
rhombencephalon
metencephalon
myelencephalon
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19
Q

describe the cell body of a neuron

A

part that encloses necessary organelles including the nucleus, golgi, RER

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20
Q

what is Nissl substance?

A

garbage accumulation within a neuron

neurons don’t divide

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21
Q

describe the dendrites

A

branches off cell body that bring info to the body

contain receptors for neurotransmitters

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22
Q

describe the axon

A

single tube projecting from body opposite dendrites

conducts action potentials

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23
Q

what is the axolemma?

A

axon cell membrane

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24
Q

define axoplasm

A

cytoplasm of the axon

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25
define telodendria
short branched ends of an axon | terminal boutons at end
26
what is contained in terminal boutons?
synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters | and mitochondria
27
define neurolemma
a lining along the axon made up of schwann cells that may or may not produce myelin
28
junctions between schwann cells
nodes of ranvier
29
nucleus of nervous system
bundles of dendrites and cell bodies in CNS
30
ganglion of nervous system
bundles of dendrites and cell bodies in PNS
31
define nerve
bundle of fibers aka axons, in the PNS
32
define 'tract'
bundle fibers/axons in the CNS
33
what is a commissure
tract in the CNS that crosses from one side to the other
34
define 'white matter'
areas of myelinated axons
35
define 'gray matter'
areas of unmyelinated axons, bodies, dendrites
36
components of a synapse
presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes synaptic cleft synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters
37
which membrane contains vesicles vs receptors of neurotransmitters?
``` pre-synaptic = vesicles post-synaptic = receptors ```
38
what do the horns of the spinal cord refer to?
areas of gray matter = unmyelinated areas center of spinal cord outer = columns = white matter
39
relate # of cranial vertebrae to # of C nerves
7 vertebrae 8 C nerves nerves begin above the vertebrae resulting in T.1 nerve to be below T1
40
T/F: a nerve consists of one cord branching off the spinal cord.
false | begin as bundles exiting the spinal cord and come together to form one cord
41
contents of the axillary sheath?
axillary vein and artery | brachial plexus
42
going from the spine to terminal ends, name the 5 sections of the brachial plexus
1. 5 roots 2. 3 trunks 3. 6 divisions ---- 3 anterior/3 post 4. 3 cords 5. 5 terminal branches
43
roots of the brachial plexus
5 roots | C5-T1
44
trunks of the brachial plexus
superior middle inferior
45
divisions of the brachial plexus
3 anterior | 3 posterior
46
cords of the brachial plexus
lateral (from anterior divisions) posterior (posterior divisions) medial (from anterior divisions)
47
how many terminal branches extend off the brachial plexus?
5
48
superior trunk extends from
C5 and 6
49
middle trunk extends from
C7
50
inferior trunk extends from
C8 and T1
51
3 nerves arising from superior trunk of brachial plexus
suprascapular subclavius 1st intercostal nerve
52
what does the suprascapular nerve, innervate?
supraspinatus | infraspinatus muscles
53
anterior divisions of brachial plexus
carry fibers to anterior muscles flexor muscles form lateral and medial cords
54
posterior divisions of brachial plexus
carry fibers to posterior muscles extensor muscles form posterior cord
55
cords of the brachial plexus arise from...?
the divisions of the plexus (3 anterior/3 posterior)
56
cords of plexus accompany the _____ .
axillary artery/ brachial artery
57
lateral cord
lateral pectoral nerve musculotaneous median nerve: lateral root all C5-7 **let me lift
58
what roots is the median nerve from?
C5-T1 all of the brachial plexus roots lateral root C5-7 medial root C8-T1
59
medial cord
``` medial pectoral nerve C8-T1 medial cutaneous to brachium T1 medial cutaneous to antebrachium C8-T1 median nerve: medial root C8-T1 ulnar nerve C8-T1 ``` **many muscles move my uppercut
60
posterior cord
``` upper subscapular nerve C5 lower subscapular C5 thoracodorsal nerve C6-7 radial C5-T1 Axillary nerve C5-6 **ultra ```
61
axillary nerve dermatome
skin over deltoid
62
radial nerve dermatome
backside of arm, forearm, and hand

Anatomy Exam 1 (10 decks)

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