Lecture 6 -The Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What comprises the axial skeleton?
The skull, ribs and vertebrae
What is the appendicular skelton composed of
The girdles and bones of the limbs
What does compact bone form
The outer layer of all bones
What forms the inner layer of bone
Spongy or cancellous bone
What does spongy bone tissue lack
Osteons
What does spongy bone consist of
Trabeculae
What are trabeculae
Lamella that are arranged as rods and plates
What is found between the trabeculae
Red bone marrow
Tendons attach what to what
Muscle to bone
Why are tendons essential in the musculoskeletal system
They transfer force from the muscle to the bone which generates movement
What is a tendon composed of
Dense regular connective tissue with fibroblasts within the layers
How is the collagen arranged within a tendon
The bundles of collagen are parallel
What is the insertion of a tendon into a bone known as
The enthesis
Ligaments attach what to what
Bone to bone
What are ligaments composed of
Fibrous connective tissue
Are the bundles of collagen within a ligament parallel
Nope
What do ligaments form
Joints
What is the primary function of ligaments
To prevent movement that might damage a joint
What do ligaments provide in a joint
Stability
How can bone become fractured
Through the application of excessive force
Fracture repair system
Fracture -> haematoma ->cartilage -> callous -> bone remodelling
How can ligaments become damaged
They can be strained or torn
What is an abduction (valgus) injury of the knee
The anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and the medial collateral ligaments are all torn
What are the different parts of a long bone
The proximal epiphysis, distal epiphysis and the diaphysis
