Lecture 7 Flashcards
(26 cards)
People use language to signal their membership of particular groups and to construct different aspects of their social identity such as social status, gender, age, and ethnicity.
Regional and social dialects
the pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary of Scottish speakers of English is distinct from that of people from England. ( )
V
There is variation within Scotland, but there are also some features which perform an overall unifying function. ( )
V
Dropping the initial [h] in words like house and heaven often indicates a higher socio-economic background in English. ( )
X
lower
the use of grammatical patterns such as: they don’t know nothing them kids or I done it last week indicate a ________ .
lower socio-economic background in English
We signal our group affiliations and our social identities by ________ .
speech forms we use
An American god sounds like an English ________.
guard
an American ladder sounds like latter _______.
latter
The word dad sounded like the English word _______ to the British man.
dead
‘Single parents’
Australian talk of _______ parents, people from England call them _______ parents, and New Zealanders call them _______ parents.
It’s an example of ________ difference.
Australia: sole parents
England: single parents
New Zealand: solo parents
vocabulary
South Africans use the term ________ for British traffic-light.
robot
American prefer ‘do you have’, English people prefer _______ , though this can now also be heard in Britain alongside the traditional British English ________ .
This is an example of ________ difference.
have you, have you got.
grammatical
‘Got’
Americans say ________, where people in England use ________.
Americans: gotten
English: got
- Do you have a match?
- Have you got a cigarette?
Which is American which is British?
American: Do you have a match?
British: Have you got a cigarette?
- She has gotten used to the noise.
- She’s got used to the noise.
Which is American which is British?
American: She has gotten used to the noise.
British: She’s got used to the noise.
- He dived in head first
- He dove in, head first.
Which is American which is British?
American: He dove in, head first.
British: He dived in head first.
- Have you eaten yet?
- Did you eat yet?
Which is American which is British?
American: Did you eat yet
British: Have you eaten yet?
In New Zealand, where US forms are usually regarded as more ________, younger New Zealanders say ________, while older New Zealanders use ________.
innovative
Younger: dove
Older: dived
British and American English exhibit more regional variation than New Zealand and Australia. ( )
V
The languages of Europe blend into one another forming a chain or a continuum. And that is called ________ .
Cross-continental variation: dialect chains
the French varieties spoken in the border towns and villages of Italy have more in common with the language of ________ than the language of ________.
the next village, Paris.
Dialect chains are very common across the whole of Europe. ( )
V
Scandinavian chain links dialects of ________, ________ and ________.
Norwegian, Swedish, Danish.
Swedes and Norwegians in ________ areas can communicate more easily than fellow-Swedes from ________ Sweden.
adjacent, southern and northern.
