Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology Midterm > Lecture 7 - Development > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Development Flashcards

1
Q

three types of development

A

physical, cognitive and social/emotional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the newborn’s reflexes

A

rooting and grasping reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physical changes in infancy and childhood

A

nervous system development, motor development and gender development in childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

nervous system development

A

in first 18 months of life the brain grows rapidly (growth in gray matter and neural cell bodies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

myelination begins around

A

gestational month six and continues through adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

motor development in childhood proceeds

A

in two directions simultaneously (from head to toe and from midline of the body to outward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what theory relates to Gender development in childhood

A

Kohlberg’ theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kohlberg theory

A

gender identity - gender stability - gender consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

gender identity

A

gender identity occurs at 2-3 and is the ability to label their own sex, recognise sex but don’t understand that sex is fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gender stability

A

occurs at 3-5 years - knowledge that gender is a stable personal characteristic - sex is stable overtime -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

gender consistency

A

occurs 6-7 years - belief that people retain gender even if they adopt behaviours - realise sex is constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

A

has 4 stages (sensorimotor 0-2, preoperational 2-6, concrete operational 6-12 and formal operational 12 above)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sensorimotor stage

A

explore new objects by physical interaction, object permanence (ability to form mental representations of objects) and language ability development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

preoperational stage

A

not able to solve conservation task (ability to understand that changing the form or appearance of an object does not change quantity), egocentricism and unable to distinguish fantasy from reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

concrete operational stage

A

problems of conservation are easily solved, thinking becomes more logical, unable to handle abstract concepts, hands-on learning most effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

formal operational stage

A

can handle abstract concepts, improved problem solving skills, burst of idealism

17
Q

alternative approaches to cognitive development

A

lev vygotsky, information processing, naive theories and theory of mind

18
Q

assimilation

A

incorporation of new learning into an existing schema without the need to revise the schema

19
Q

accommodation

A

incorporation of new learning into an existing schema that requires revision of the schema

20
Q

Leo Vygotsky

A

zone of proximal development; individual gains knowledge of the world by interacting socially and collaboratively with parents, teachers and the community (culture and cultural differences are important for development)

21
Q

information processing

A

extension of Piaget describing specific changes in cognition - rate increases as we age - changes in frontal lobe and hippocampus - improved memory

22
Q

naive theories

A

Piaget underestimated children’s ability to understand objects

23
Q

theory of mind

A

elaboration of egocentrism - understanding that others have beliefs, desires and intentions different from our own, 3-4 years, critical to social development

24
Q

social and emotional challenges in infancy and childhoord are due to

A

temperament, attachment and parenting styles

25
Q

temperament

A

reflects prevailing patterns of mood, activity and emotional responsiveness - roots in genetics - predict adult personality

26
Q

three categories of temperament

A

surgency/extroversion , negative affect/mood, effortful control (ability to pay attention and inhibit behaviour)

27
Q

attachment

A

emotional bond linking an infant to a parent or caregiver

28
Q

parenting styles vary along two dimensions

A

parental support and behavioural regulation

29
Q

parental support

A

empathy and recognition of the child’s perspective

30
Q

behavioural regulation

A

supervision of the child’s behaviour accompanied by consistent discipline and clear expectations

31
Q

physical changes in adolescence

A

hormone release, development of secondary sex characteristics and sexual maturation - growth in grey and white matter

32
Q

cognitive/moral development in adolescence

A

executive functions reach adult levels, think more logically, and have conventional morality

33
Q

preconventional morality

A

moral choices are made according to expectations of reward or punishment

34
Q

conventional morality

A

moral choices are made according to law or public opinion

35
Q

postconventional morality

A

moral choices are made according to personal standards and reasons

36
Q

midlife development

A

in females menopause and for males reduced sperm quantity but no decrease in testosterone

37
Q

late adult development

A

physical changes and decrease in cognition

Psychology Midterm (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions