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Psychology Midterm > Lecture 8 - Personality > Flashcards

Lecture 8 - Personality Flashcards

1
Q

there are three approaches to personality

A

psychodynamic theories, humanistic approaches and trait theories

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2
Q

personality

A

describes the unique patterns of thoughts, feelings and behaviours that distinguish a person from others

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3
Q

psychodynamic theories include

A

id, ego, superego - defence mechanisms - psychosexual stages of development - and contemporary assessment of freudian psychology (neo-freudians)

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4
Q

Freud viewed personality as

A

a closed energy system, the psychic/instinctive energy moves among id, ego and superego

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5
Q

id

A

aka instincts - present at birth and contains the primitive desires (hunger, thirst, sex) operating through the pleasure principle

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6
Q

superego

A

morality - internalise society’s rules for right and wrong, forming what we normally refer to as a conscience

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7
Q

ego

A

aka reality - acts according to the reality principle, ege is responsible for balancing the id and superego

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8
Q

overly dominant id can lead to

A

antisocial behaviour

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9
Q

overactive superego can lead to

A

too much guilt

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10
Q

Freud split the psyche up into

A

conscious (ego and little superego ), preconscious (ego and most of the superego) and id (unconscious)

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11
Q

defence mechanisms

A

psychological operation that functions to protect a person from anxiety-producing thoughts and feelings

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12
Q

types of defence mechanisms

A

avoidance, displacement, projection, regression, suppression, repression, reaction formation and sublimation

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13
Q

avoidance

A

dismissing thoughts or feelings that are uncomfortable or keeping away from people, places, or situations associated with uncomfortable thoughts or feelings

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14
Q

displacement

A

transferring one’s emotional burden or emotional reaction from one entity to another

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15
Q

projection

A

attributing one’s own negative traits or unwanted emotions to others

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16
Q

regression

A

adapting one’s behaviour to earlier levels of psychosocial development when faced with a stressful situation

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17
Q

repression

A

subconsciously blocking ideas or impulses that are undesirable

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18
Q

reaction formation

A

replacing one’s initial impulse toward a situation or idea with the oppsoite impulse

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18
Q

reaction formation

A

replacing one’s initial impulse toward a situation or idea with the opposite impulse

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19
Q

sublimation

A

transforming one’s anxiety or emotions into pursuits considered by societal or cultural norms to be more useful

20
Q

psychosexual stages of development

A

5 stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital) and personality is the product of conflict between these stages

21
Q

contemporary assessment of Freud

A

defence mechanisms and the distinction between conscious and unconscious processes are still widely used but Freud’s ideas are subjective and lack scientific evidence, there is also an overemphasis on sexuality and basic instinct and is too pessimistic

22
Q

Neo-Freudians

A

dcreased emphasis on sex and focussed more on the social environment and effects of culture on personality -> Adler, Jung and Horney

23
Q

Alfred Adler

A

founder of individual psychology-focuses on our drive to compensate for feelings of inferiority (a persons feeling that they lack worth or don’t measure up to standards of society)

24
Q

Carl Jung

A

collective unconscious layer of our unconscious mind is common to mankind (like universal fear of dying) and he defined introversion and extroversion

25
Q

introversion

A

focused on the internal world of reflection, dreaming and vision - thoughtful and insightful, uninterested in joining activities of others

26
Q

extraversion

A

focused on the outisde world of objects, sensory perception and action, energetic, interested in joining the activities of the world

27
Q

Karen Horney

A

Freud thinks women have penis envy but Horney claimed men envy women’s ability to bear children

28
Q

Humanistic theories of personality

A

assume that human nature is good, that they strive toward self-actualisation –> criticised pscychodynamic theories as they overemphasised abnormal behaviour

29
Q

trait theories of personality include

A

early trait theory, big five theory,

30
Q

trait

A

stable personality characteristic

31
Q

Big five theory

A

OCENA - Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism

32
Q

how do situations affect personality

A

some pychologists argue that personality does not originate from stable traits but due to situational experience - has lead to a number of social-cognitive learning theories

33
Q

external locus of control

A

expect that most of the outcomes occur because of chance, luck, opportunity, or other factors beyond one’s control (feelings of hopelessness and powerlessness)

34
Q

internal locus of control

A

believe that most of the outcomes are due to one’s own talent and effort (manage stress more effectively, more likely to take responsibility for their actions, less sympathetic with the plight of others)

35
Q

reciprocal determinism

A

personality features the mutual influence from the person and the situation -

36
Q

self-efficacy

A

confidence in your abilities to gain reinforcement

37
Q

temperament

A

child’s pattern of mood, activity or emotional responsiveness linked to later personality

38
Q

the origin of temparement is

A

biological but quicklu begins to interact with the physical and social environment

39
Q

dimensions of temparement in adult personality

A

reactivity and self-regulation

40
Q

personality is assessed through

A

observation, interview, standardized tests and analysis of data from cell phjones and social media

41
Q

personality inventories

A

objective tests often using numbered scales or multiple choice

42
Q

personality inventories

A

objective tests often using numbered scales or multiple choice

43
Q

Projective tests

A

tests bsaed on Freudian theory providing an ambigous stimulus such as the Rorshcach Inkblot test

44
Q

the self-concept

A

includes age, sex, student status, personality features, relationships, physical attributes and various other roles

45
Q

the self-concept

A

includes age, sex, student status, personality features, relationships, physical attributes and various other roles

46
Q

self-schema

A

cognitive organization that helps us think about the self and process self-relevant information

47
Q

self-reference effect

A

we process self-relevant information differently than information about others

Psychology Midterm (11 decks)

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