Lecture 7: Epithelial Glands Flashcards by Emily Cross

glandular tissue is composed of?

epithelial cells specialized with secretory functions

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in reference to cells glands be 2 types

unicellular gland

multicellular gland

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secretory cells remain incorporated with epithelial layer

unicellular glands

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secretory cells have grown down into underlying CT

multicellular glands

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endocrine gland characteristics

down growth into CT
product = hormones
secret directly into blood vessels
lacks secretory duct

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exocrine gland characteristics

down growth into CT but remains in contact w/ parent
secrets product via secretory duct
secreted to an external environment or body cavity

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examples of endocrine glands (8)

pituitary
thyroid
pineal
parathyroid
adrenal
gonads
liver
pancreas

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examples of exocrine glands (6)

salivary
mammary
sweat
sebaceous or sudoriferous 
liver
pancreas

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names the 4 types of secretory patterns

exocrine
endocrine
paracrine
autocrine

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exocrine pattern

product secreted via duct to lumen or surface

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endocrine pattern

hormone secreted directly into blood vessels w/o duct

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paracrine pattern

secretion affects neighbor cells

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example of paracrine secretion product

growth factors

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autocrine pattern

secretion affects the cell itself

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example of cells that use autocrine pattern

T cells

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gland classes by ductal branching

simple multicellular glands – no branching

compound multicellular glands — branching

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gland classes by shape of secretory portion

tubular
alveolar/acinar
Tubuloalveolar/tubuloacinar

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tubular shapes

straight
coiled
branched

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another name for alveolar

acinar

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what does it mean to be simple or compound?

single vs. several secretory portions

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salivary glands exhibit what shape of secretory portion

tubuloalveolar

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simple gland

single excretory duct

simple multicellular glands do not exhibit ductal branching

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simple gland secretory portion types (4)

simple tubular
simple coiled tubular
simple tubular branched
simple acinar

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compound gland secretory portion types (3)

branched tubular
branched alveolar
branched tubuloalveolar

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3 types of secretory products

serous mucous mixed = serous-mucous

serous secretions

thin/watery enzyme filled ex. parotid salivary gland

mucous secretions

thick | mucin containing

mixed secretions

combination of serous and mucous | ex. submandibular and sublingual glands

acinar glands are usually …..?

mucous

serous demilune

acinar glands are capped with a half moon group of serous cells

3 different mechanisms of secretion

merocrine apocrine holocrine

another name for merocrine

eccrine

define merocrine

serous secretions stored in vesicles released via exocytosis most glands use this mechanism no damage from secretion

define apocrine

product is too thick so apical domain of cell breaks off during secretion cytoplasm is ejected with product cell retreats and repairs before secreting again

examples of glands that use apocrine

axillary sweat glands

define holocrine

entire contents of cell is ejected with secretion | cell is destroyed

examples of glands that use holocrine

sebaceous glands

highly cellular

parenchyma

highly CT

stroma

parenchyma

components of glands are derived from epithelium CT capsule surrounds entire gland and septae

CT partitions within a gland

septae

stroma

the CT capsule surrounding a gland the CT partitions within a gland

extensions of a gland's CT capsule that separate it into epithelial components, called?

septae partition gland into lobes and lobules

hierarchical structure of compound glands

compound gland = multicellular gland lobes lobules simple branched gland

lobes are divided into

lobules

a compound gland is a multicellular gland divided into subunits called....

lobes

lobes and lobules are separated by partitions called

septae

each lobule is equal to

a simple branched gland

secretory units of a lobule can be

tubular acinar Tubuloacinar

lobes

bigger subdivisions of a compound gland | contain 2 types of ducts

ducts found in lobes

intralobar ducts | lobar duct

formed by joining of 2 or more interlobular ducts

intralobar duct

intralobar ducts are lined with....

simple columnar transitioning into stratified

formed by joining of 2 or more intralobar ducts

lobar duct

lobar ducts are lined with......

stratified columnar

lobules

subdivisions of lobes separated from each other by delicate septae

secretory unit of a lobule? types?

acinus | can be serous, mucous or mixed

relate acinus and the basement membrane

basement membrane covers outer surface of acinus

what type of cells are associated with acinus?

myoepithelial cells | found between BM and secretory cells of acinus

myoepithelial cells

contractile cells that help squeeze contents out of secretory cells contain actin bundles

duct that lie within a lobule

intra-lobular ducts

intra-lobular ducts can be 2 types

intercalated or striated

striated duct

``` type of intralobular duct active transport of Na and K absorb Na and Cl secrete K larger than intercalated ducts ```

striated ducts are lined with …..

simple cuboidal transitioning into columnar with basal striations

intercalated ducts

type of intralobular duct drain the secretory acinus bicarbonate/chloride exchange

intercalated ducts are lined with…..

simple squamous transitioning to low cuboidal

formed by the joining of 2 or more......

``` striated ducts (a type of intralobular duct) ```

inter-lobular ducts

found in septae between adjacent lobules

inter-lobular ducts are lined with…...

pseudostratified columnar

3 major salivary glands

parotid gland submandibular gland sublingual gland

minor salivary glands are responsible for....

help keep the surface of oral cavity moist

gland located behind ear

parotid gland

gland located under mandible

submandibular gland

gland located under tongue

sublingual gland

parotid glands

serous acini only | apical regions of cells contain zymogen granules

submandibular glands

mixed acini (serous dominant) serous secretory cells form serous demilunes around mucous acini myoepithelial cells surround acini

sublingual glands

mixed acini mucous acini is dominant myoepithelial cells surround acini

what other type of cells can be seen in some slides of parotid glands

adipocytes

in terms of acini: how do you ID each of the 3 major glands

parotid - only serous submandibular - mixed, serous dominant sublingual - mixed, mucous dominant

in slides shown, serous and mucous acini appear....

serous appear dark mucous appear white

in the slides shown, what 2 duct types were present

interlobular ducts intralobular ducts

how did you tell between the 2 types of ducts shown in the slides?

interlobular - located with CT and BVs, larger then nearby acini intralobular - no CT

Lecture 7: Epithelial Glands Flashcards

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