Lecture #7: Kidney + osmosis

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Solute + Solvent

Question 2

Diffusion

Answer 2

area of high to low concentration

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

material dissolved

Question 4

Solvent

Answer 4

what the material is being dissolved in

Question 5

Semi permeable membrane

Answer 5

dissolved material cannot pass through

Question 6

Osmosis

Answer 6

diffusion of free H20 across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 7

Osmoregulation

Answer 7

the maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations

Question 8

Freshwater fish

Answer 8

• fish is HYPERTONIC to environment
• tendency to gain H20
• Tendency to lose salts
• Drinks very little H20
• excretes large amounts of urine
  
  • low concentration of salts

Question 9

Saltwater fish

Answer 9

Fish is HYPOTONIC to environment
- tendency to lose H20
- tendency to gain salts
- drinks lots of water
- excretes little urine
- high concentration of salts

Question 10

Nitrogeneous waste

Answer 10

Digestin of proteins and DNA —> generates excess amine groups (NH2)

Question 11

Nitrogeneous waste in animals

Answer 11

1. NH3 - ammonia (waste of fish)
   - toxic and must be diluted with lots of water
2. Urea: waste of mammals and adult amphibians
   - less toxic: requires less H20 to dilute
3. Uric acid (paste/white part around feces): Reptiles and birds
   - even less H20 required to dilute