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Cardio > Lecture #7 - Kreisle > Flashcards

Lecture #7 - Kreisle Flashcards

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1
Q

Five factors involved in capillary exchange.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure (BV and IS)
Colloid Osmotic Pressure (BV and IS)
Lymph Flow

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2
Q

Two ways of calculating capillary exchange

A

Vessel-Interstitium

Going Out - Coming In

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3
Q

Write out the version of the capillary exchange equation you hate.

A

Pressure = (Cap Hydro - Int. Hydro) - (Plasma Colloid - Interstitial Colloid)

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4
Q 
Relatioship of Flow to...
Pressure Gradient
Diameter
Compliance
Viscosity
A

More Pressure - More Flow
More Diameter - More Flow (r^4)
More Compliance = Less Resistance - More Flow
More Viscosity - Less Flow

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5
Q

Equation for Vascular Resistance

A

(Art. Press. - Ven. Press.)/Flow

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6
Q

Relationship of viscosity to hematocrit

A

Correlated

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7
Q

Which receptors are activiated to generate resistance in arterioles?

A

alpha-1 and beta-2

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8
Q

Effect of atherosclerosis on compliance

A

Lowers It

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9
Q

Equation for Velocity of Blood

A

Flow/Area

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10
Q

basic Flow Equation

A

Q = Change in P / R

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11
Q

How does a tube becoming rigid influence flow and pressure?

A

Less Flow

More Pressure

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12
Q

Compliance Eq.

A

Vol/Pressure

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13
Q

Vessels with greatest cross sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Largest percentage of blood volume is where?

A

Veins

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15
Q

Largest blood velocity?

A

Aorta

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16
Q

Relationship of PP and Art. Compliance

A

More Arterial compliance decreases pulse pressure

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17
Q

When do you hear semilunar stenosis?

A

Systolic Ejection

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18
Q

Effects of TPR on Venous Resistance Curve

A

Decreased TPR – steeper

Increased TPR – Less steep

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19
Q

Main regulator of MAP?

A

Sympathetics

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20
Q

What is the Bayliss Hypothesis?

A

When smooth muscle is stretched, it will automatically contract, increasing resistance

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21
Q

Increased flow will do what to metabolites?

A

Flush them out of the tissue, allowing vasoconstriction

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22
Q

Who always gets blood first and 2nd?

A

Brain and heart

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23
Q

Who loses the most blood during exercise?

A

Splanchnics

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24
Q

How is renal bloodflow autoregulated?

A

Fast Myogenic Response

Tubuloglomerular Feedback

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25
Who are the central sensors of Blood Flow?
Aortic Arch Baros. Carotid Body Natiuretic pep. product. in Atria
26
Peripheral sensor of bloodflow?
Juxtoglomerular
27
What do aortic arch baros do?
loss in pressure --> increased sympathetics
28
What is the bainbridge reflex?
High Central venous Pressure causes.... Inc. Heart Rate Renal Vasodilation
29
What turns on Carotid Body and Aortic Chemoreceptors?
Low Pressure | Low O, High CO2, High H+
30
What does Carotid Body do when turned on?
Activate Sympathetics | Regulates Respiration
31
What causes vasovagal syncope?
Massive parasympathetic outflow and loss of sympathetic tone
32
Where are PS and Sym neurons of the medulla modulated?
Solitary Nuclues
33
What does Sympathetic Stim do?
Inc. HR Contractility/Capacitance BV Controls blood flow
34
Baroreceptors of the Carotid Sinus sense...
High Pressure
35
What happens after sympathetics activate chromaffin cells?
Epinephrine/Nore. release alpha 1 -- vasoconstriction beta 1 -- heart
36
Three catecholeamine vasoconstrictors?
Norepinephrine (beta1 in heart, alpha1 in vessels) Epinephrine (very low can turn on beta2 for dilation) Dopamine (dilator low, constrictor high) (alpha1)
37
Greatest beta-1 activatior
Dobutamine
38
Physiological causes of fainting with vasovagal syncope.
Bradycardia + loss of sympathetic tone
39
Describe the process after BP drops
Carotid Sinus Senses the drop CV centers of medulla activate Suprarenal (RAA stim) and symp gang. activation Inc. HR+Contractility and Vasoconstriction
40
Does baroreceptor reflex help with hypertension?
No -- receptor adapts to new set point
41
What happens in your body when you stand up?
Venous pressure falls - Blood pools at feet Decreased CO, Decreased MAP Sympathetic Activation/Compensation
42
What is Shy-Drager syndrome?
Progressive disorder of CNS -- Autonomic System Failure | First sign -- orthostatic hypertension
43
Who senses when pressures are too high?
Right Atria
44
What does ANP do?
Vasodilator and Causes Na excretion
45
Two Effects of ADH
V1 -- Vasoconstriction | V2 -- H2O Reabs
46
Effects of Renin/Angiotensin?
Antidiuretic (via promoting Na reabs) | Vasoconstriction
47
Aldosterone causes....
Na retention, K loss
48
ADH also stimulates what non-kidney activity?
Thirst
49
Why use an ACE inhibitor?
Prevents the generation of Angiotensin II | Stops body from raising its own BP
50
Explain myogenic control of Blood Flow.
If smooth muscle is stretched, it responds by contracting
51
Explain metabolic control of BF.
Vasodilator metabolites open precapillary sphincters and vasodilate arterioles
52
Most important blood flow regulator for cerebrum?
Local Metabolites
53
What is Hyperemia?
Active increase in bloodbloow
54
Name the vasodilator inflammatory mediators and their origin.
Prostacyclin -- EC NO -- EC Histamine -- Mast Cells Bradykinin -- Serum
55
Name the vasoconstrictor inflammatory mediators and their origin.
Thromboxanes -- Platelets | Endothelin -- EC
56
What are three roles of NO?
Vasodilation Platelet Inhibition PMN Adhesion Inhibitor
57
What inflammatory mediators from from arachadonic acids?
Prostacyclin (VasoDil) and Thromboxanes (VasoCon)
58
Difference between active and reactive hyperemia?
Active -- Bloodflow is controlled by metabolic Activity | Reactive -- Reacts to period of decreased bloodflow
59
Cause of reactive hyperemia?
Accumulation of vasodilators Reduced Oxygen Tension Nutrient Depletion
60
Unique response of lung vessels to hypoxia?
Vasoconstriction
61
Effects of Thromboxane A2? Ways to inhibit?
Platelet Aggregation and Vasoconstriction | Asprin
62
Most potent, long lasting vasoconstrictors?
Endothelins
63
ECE is used to make
ET-1 (Endothelin)
64
What receptors are bound when epinephrine vasodilates?
Beta-2 adrenergic
65
Why is it hard to classify serotonin in this way?
It does different things at different concentrations
66
Potential treatment for pulmonary hypertension?
Inhaled NO | Prostacyclin
67
Three most important vasoactive substances from the vascular endothelium?
Prostacyclin NO Endothelin
68
What factor is induced by low O levels?
VEGF

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