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SOEN 384 > Lecture 7 - Software Estimation I.2 > Flashcards

Lecture 7 - Software Estimation I.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which estimation techniques for effort, schedule, and cost uses a mathematical formula that takes into account various factors that affect duration?

A

Parametric estimation

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2
Q

Which estimation techniques for effort, schedule, and cost is based on technical, physical, or other end item characteristic?

A

Parametric estimation

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3
Q

Parametric estimation can produce higher levels of accuracy compared to experience-based methods depending on…

A

parameters employed and quality of the data

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4
Q

TF: Parametric estimation is the least common estimation techniques

A

False. The most common estimation techniques

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5
Q

Regression-based estimation is an example of what type of estimation?

A

Parametric Estimation

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6
Q

How is effort measured for small to moderate projects using regression-based estimation?

A

EFFORT = a * SIZE + c
- a, c = constants determined by local circumstance
- SIZE = estimated product size
- EFFORT is in staff-months

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7
Q

In regression-based estimation, the magnitude of the effort is…

A

a linear function of the size of the project

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8
Q

TF: Regression-based estimation model holds up for projects accomplished by large teams with many people

A

False. For projects accomplished by small teams of 2-3 people

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9
Q

What does CoCoMo stand for?

A

Constructive Cost Model

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10
Q

TF: CoCoMo is a regression model based on LOC (lines of code)

A

True

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11
Q

CoCoMo is an empirical model based on…

A

project experience

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12
Q

TF: CoCoMo is not well document

A

False

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13
Q

TF: CoCoMo is independent of a specific software vendor

A

True

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14
Q

When was CoCoMo initially published?

A

1981 (COCOMO-81)

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15
Q

When was CoCoMo last published?

A

1999 (COCOMO-II)

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16
Q

TF: COCOMO-II takes into account different approaches to software development, reuse, etc.

A

True

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17
Q

What equation is CoCoMo built around?

A

EFFORT = c * (SIZE)^k
- effort measured in p-m
- size measured in thousands of delivered source code instructions (kdsi)
- c, k are constants

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18
Q

In CoCoMo estimation model, Boehm stated c, k depended on whether the system could be classified as… (3)

A
  • organic
  • semi-detached
  • embedded
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19
Q

The team size is small, problem is well understood and solved in the past, and team members have nominal experience regarding the problem describes which model-classification?

A

Organic Classification

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20
Q

Project requiring highest level of complexity, creativity, and experience describes which model-classification?

A

Embedded Classification

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21
Q

TF: Embedded model-classification requires the largest team and requires devs to be experienced and creative to develop the complex software

A

True

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22
Q

A project with vital characteristics such as team-size, experience, knowledge of various programming environment describes which model-classification?

A

Semi-Detached Classification

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23
Q

TF: The Embedded model-classification lies in between Organic and Semi-detached classifications

A

False. Semi-detached classification lies in between Organic and Embedded Classification

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24
Q

The Semi-detached classification is easy to develop compared to Organic classification and require less experience and guidance

A

False. Difficult to develop compared to Organic classification and requires more experience and guidance

25
How does CoCoMo II accommodate for the need for estimates at different stages in the system life cycle?
By having models for three different stages
26
What are the three models of the CoCoMo II Model?
1. Early prototyping level 2. Early design level 3. Post-architectural level
27
What are the characteristics of Early prototyping level of CoCoMo II? (2)
- Based on "object points" - Simple formula
28
What is the characteristic of Early design level of CoCoMo II?
Based on "function points" that are translated to lines of source code (LOC)
29
What is the characteristic of Post-architectural level of CoCoMo II?
Estimates based on LOC
30
What happens in the Application composition development stage of CoCoMo II?
The external features of the system that users will experience are designed
31
What happens in the early design development stage of CoCoMo II?
The fundamental software structures are designed
32
What happens in the Post-architecture development stage of CoCoMo II?
Software structures undergo final construction, modification, and turning to create a system that will perform as required
33
What equation can be used to calculate estimate of person-months in Early-design?
p-m = A * (SIZE)^sf x em1... x emn - p-m = effort in person-months - A = constant which is set to 2.94 - size = measured in kdsi - sf = exponent scale factor - em = effort multipliers
34
What is the purpose of the exponent scale factor (sf)?
increase effort predicted for large projects
35
What are the 4 Scale Factor values?
1. Development flexibility (FLEX) 2. Architecture/risk resolution (RESL) 3. Team cohesion (TEAM) 4. Process maturity (PMAT)
36
What is Development flexibility scale factor value?
Number of possibilities to meet the requirements
37
What is Architecture/risk resolution scale factor value?
Degree of uncertainty about the requirements
38
What is Team cohesion scale factor value?
Degree to which there is a large dispersed team
39
What is Process maturity scale factor value?
The more structured and organized the software is produced, the lower the uncertainty and the lower the rating for this exponent driver
40
What is the Precedentedness (PREC) scale factor value?
Degree to which there are similar cases in the past, for the project being planned
41
slide 16 for example
slide 17 for answer
42
TF: An effort multiplier (em) greater than 1 decreases development effort
False. Increases development effort
43
TF: AN effort multiplier (em) less than 1 decreases development effort
True
44
TF: A nominal rating for effort multiplier (em) means that the multiplier has no effect
True
45
slide 20, 21 for example
slide 22 for solution
46
What are the five steps for developing an estimation model?
1. Determine list of potential / most important effort cost drivers 2. Select initial estimation model 3. Measure and estimate projects and compare 4. Evaluate quality of estimation as part of project post-mortem 5. Update and validate model at appropriate intervals
47
Parametric-based Estimation does what?
Relates cost of system to one or more parameters of system like physical or performance characteristics
48
What does Parametric-based estimation apply? (3)
- Cost estimates and trade-offs for systems in early development - Quick reaction estimates - Independent check on other estimates
49
TF: Parametric-based estimation is sensitive to significant design changes
True
50
TF: Parametric-based estimation does not quantify effects of cost drivers
False. It does quantify effects of cost drivers
51
TF: Parametric-based estimation gives quick, reproducible results
True
52
What are the cons of Parametric-based estimation? (3)
- Inputs are subjective - Results not as precise - Requires skilled analyst to develop
53
TF: For cost estimation, project scope does not need to be explicitly defined
False. Must be explicitly defined
54
TF: In cost estimation, task, functional, or component decomposition is necessary
True
55
TF: In cost estimation, historical measures (metrics) are very helpful
True
56
TF: In cost estimation, using one technique is enough
False. Should use two or more estimation techniques to assure fit
57
What is Parkinson's Law?
Work expands to fill the time available
58
What is Murphy's law?
Anything that can go wrong will go wrong
59
What is Brook's Law?
Putting more people on a late project makes it later

SOEN 384 (14 decks)

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