Lecture 7: Third Wave Therapies

Question 1

1st Wave Therapies

Answer 1

Pavlov’s classical conditioning and Skinner’s operant conditioning

Question 2

2nd Wave Therapies

Answer 2

Beck’s cognitive therapy
= five-part model -> change situation or change thoughts, reactions, behaviours to affect emotions
= CBT comes from this

Question 3

Three C’s of CBT

Answer 3

1. Catch thoughts before emotion comes
2. Check/reflect how accurate thoughts are
3. Change thought to more accurate/helpful one

Question 4

Critique of 1st and 2nd wave therapies

Answer 4

• Too mechanistic
• Fails to address concerns of ‘whole’ person
• Research unsure about which aspects bring about changes
• Placing the ‘problem’ on an individual’s faulty thinking negates the situation
• Emotions and cognitions viewed as something unwanted, pathological and to be controlled
• Emotions as secondary/output to thoughts

Question 5

3rd Wave Therapies

Answer 5

• Good across cultures
• Move away from cognitions as problem
• Addition of ‘eastern philosophy’ - life is challenging, mindfullness, compassion
• Promotion of holistic wellbeing and less focused on symptom reduction = aim for people to experience more satisfying lives in the face of issues
• Move back towards behaviourism
  Increased use of exposure therapy and behavioural activation (than CBT)

Question 6

Types of 3rd Wave Therapies

Answer 6

• Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Linehan) = help regulate emotions
• Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Hayes)
• Compassion Focused Therapy (Gilbert) = how we can encourage ourselves
• Mindfulness Based CBT

Question 7

Principles of ACT

Answer 7

• Accept those experiences out of our control
• Commit to actions that make our lives meaningful and worthwhile
• ACT uses acceptance and mindfulness processes, and commitment and behaviour change processes, to produce greater psychological flexibility

Question 8

Hexagon model

Answer 8

present, values, committed action, self as context, defusion, acceptance
- ACT = psychological flexiblity