Lecture 7 - Urbanization

Question 1

What is urbanization?

Answer 1

it’s the shift from rural to urban areas

Question 2

In 1950 which type of countries experience urbanization?

Answer 2

Developed countries

Question 3

T/F: has urbanization slow down in developed countries?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F: developed countries face counter urbanization?

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is counter urbanization?

Answer 5

it’s when people in developed countries more from city –> rural areas

Question 6

What are some of the centripetal (pull) forces in urban areas?
developing countries

Answer 6

there are 5 forces
1. education
2. economic activity
3. medical care
4. money & income
5. better housing

Question 7

What are some of the centrifugal (push) forces in rural areas?
developing countries

Answer 7

there are 7 forces
1. lack of health facilities
2. poverty
3. poor quality of life
4. few jobs
5. poor education
6. lack of tech & infrastructure
7. no prospects

Question 8

What are the causes for counter urbanization?

Answer 8

1. increase car ownership
2. preferring to live on the skirts
3. working from home
4. pollution + crime = unpleasant to live in the city
5. retiring
6. creation of parks

Question 9

Why focus on urban health?

Answer 9

because it affects/ create:
urban poverty, pollution (inc.), road traffic injuries (inc.), and insufficient services & poor environment conditions in slums

Question 10

What are the major challenges of urbanization?

Answer 10

1. overcrowding
2. air pollution
3. water & sanitation issues
4. increase of communicable disease

Question 11

What are other urbanization challenges?

Answer 11

crime & violence
exposure to 2nd hand smoke
mental health & substance abuse
reduced access to health care - higher levels of inequality
social, cultural & economic exclusion

Question 12

What are the social & env. determinants of urban health inequities?

Answer 12

1. power, status & resources
2. access to adequate housing
3. access to the benefits of urban life