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health inequities & disparities > Lecture 9 - Determinants of Health > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Determinants of Health Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key health status indicators?

A

there are 5 key health status indicators. They are composed of the following:
1. Life expectancy
2. Neonatal Mortality Rate
3. Infant Mortality Rate
4. Under / Child Mortality Rate
5. Maternal Mortality Rate

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2
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A

It’s the # of yrs a new born is expected to live. Life expectancy varies from country to country (btw Women & Men).

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3
Q

What is Neonatal Mortality Rate?

A

It’s the # of death of neonates (< 28 days) per 1,000 live births in a given yr.

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4
Q

What is Infant Mortality Rate?

A

it’s the # of death of infants ( < 12 months old) per 1,000 live births in a given yr.

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5
Q

Where can you see higher infant mortality rates?

A

Higher infant mortality rates can be found in developing countries as nearly 1/2 of all mothers + babies don’t receive skilled health care.

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6
Q

Why does infant morality matters?

A

it predicts the health of the next generation

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7
Q

What is under 5/ child mortality rate?

A

it’s the probability that a newborn baby will dies before reaching age 5 per 1,000 live births.

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8
Q

List 2 countries that have higher rate of under 5/ child mortality rate?

A

India
Nigeria
Congo
Pakistan
China

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9
Q

What is Maternal Mortality Ratio?

A

it’s the # of women who die as a results of pregnancy & child birth complications per 100,000

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10
Q

Definition of determinants of health

A

they are the factors that have most influence on health of a population.

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11
Q

Examples of determinants of health?

A

Social
Geographical
Racial

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12
Q

Describe conditions of social determinants of health

A

they represent the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live & age.

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13
Q

Name some of the influence factors for SDH

A
  1. Economic policies & systems
  2. Developing agendas
  3. Social norms & policies
  4. Political Systems
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14
Q

T/F: Health is influenced by biological, social, and economical factors

A

True

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15
Q

T/F: SDH contribute to health inequity

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: SDH is an interconnected field and influences health in a direct or indirect way

A

True

17
Q

T/F: SD affect health @ different levels (social groups & across countries)

A

True

18
Q

List of Social Determinants of Health (3)

A

Biology
Lifestyle & Behavior
Physical & Social Env.
Education
Socio-economic status
Gender
Culture
Access to health care
Early Childhood development
employment working conditions
Governance (policies & interventions)

19
Q

SDH - Biology composed of?

A

genetics, sex and age

20
Q

SDH - Lifestyle & Behavior composed of?

A

diet, personal & eating habits, sexual activity and physical inactivity

21
Q

SDH - Physical Env. composed of?

A
  • unsafe & inadequate h2o supply
  • poor sanitation + air pollution
  • food desserts + decent & affordable housing
  • quality of built env. & infrastructure
  • parks & recreational facilities
22
Q

T/F: Education is composed of access to healthy foods, quality housing, health insurance, level of health literacy and patterns of behavior.

A

True.

23
Q

T/F: Socio economic status is composed of employment, working conditions, income, wealth & poverty

A

True

24
Q

T/F: Culture is composed social support, culture norms, gender roles & power relations

A

True

25
Q

Access to health care needs ____

A

appropriate h. care services, cost, treatment, h. care workforce

26
Q

Early childhood dev. composed of?

A

premature birth/ low birth weight, nutrition & poverty

27
Q

SDH - Governance (policies & interventions) composed of?

A

political decisions. for example the allocation of funds (health care budget, health programs, and appropriate policies)

28
Q

Where do you see the inequities between countries?

A

@ the developing vs developed level

29
Q

Where do you see the inequities within countries?

A

@ the rural, urban and slums level

30
Q

What are factors that influence racial determinants of health?

A

Discrimination, crime and violence

31
Q

What’s the significance of SDH?

A

it has 4 significances
#1: direct/ indirect impact on health
#2: identifies health disparities & elimination of it
#3: helps to achieve health inequity
#4: determines health behaviors

32
Q

What are the effects of SDH @ the global level?

A

children in poorer urban settings are 2x likely to die before their 5th Bday
increase need of urban sanitation

33
Q

What are the effects of SDH @ the urban level?

A

low education
racial segregation
low social support
individual-level poverty

health inequities & disparities (4 decks)

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