Lecture 8 Flashcards
(40 cards)
what are common variations in vertebral column
lumbarization of S1 (lumbar takes a sacral)
sacralization of L5 (sacral takes lumbar)
what is spina bifida and it’s outcome
a birth defect in which a developing baby’s spinal cord fails to develop properly
(where the spinal cord protrudes and is only protected my skin)
spinous process is gone
normally in lower vertebra
outcome = paralysis
what is brachydactyly
brachy = short & dactyl = finger or toes
short fingers and congenital (born with it)
what is polydactyly
poly = many
dactyly = fingers or toes
extra digits
what is syndactyly
syn = fused
dactyly = digits
fingers or toes are fused together
what is polymelia
poly = many
melia =limbs
extra appendages (arms or legs)
what is sirenomelia
siren = mermaid
melia = limbs
fusion of lower limbs like a MERMAID
what is phocomelia
melia = limbs
absence of long bones in the limbs
digits are there but no arm
what is meromelia
melia = limbs
absence of limb segments (hands or forearm)
just a nub
what is amelia
a = without
melia = limbs
complete absence of limbs
what is talipes equinovarus
club foot
distorted ankle/foot due to limb position in uterus
extreme INVERSION of the feet
umbilical cord can get wrapped around foot/leg and kill it
what is hydrocephalus
hydro = water
ceph = head
too much fluid in the brain
ossification does not keep pace with expansion of the head
will not survive adulthood if pressure is not relieved
what is microcephalus
micro = small
ceph = head
head is smaller than normal and brain is underdeveloped
cause of zika virus
what is anencephalus
a = without
baby born with an underdeveloped brain and incomplete skull
basically born without a brain
smaller than microcephalus
they do not survive
what is craniosynostosis
premature sutural fusion
leads to variety of skull deformities
what are different types of craniosynostosis
scaphocephaly
brachycephaly
acrocephaly
what is scaphocephaly
scapho = boat
ceph = head
elongated head because sagittal suture prematurely ossified
what is brachycephaly
similar to scaphocephaly but instead of elongated the skull is widened
what is acrocephaly
when fontanels grow towards one another at a fast rate
little kids wear helmets to shape their skull to normal size
achondroplasia
a = without
chondr = cartilage
plasia = growth
cartilage in brain case/long bones do not grow correctly
long bones won’t develop as they should therefore all of the limbs are short
what is cleft palate and facial cleft
openings or splits in the roof of the mouth and lip
facial bones fail to fuse together correctly
what is madibulofacial dystosis (MFD)
family of gross malformations (dysplasias) of face/throat
what is microstomia
micro = small
stomia = mouth
small mouth
*MFD
what is microtia?
an incompletely formed ear
*MFD
