lecture 8 Flashcards
(43 cards)
what is clinical trauma classed as?
DSM-5 classes a traumatic event as exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury or sexual violence
impacts quality of life- stress response afterwards
what is common for definitions of resilience?
positive response/adaptation to negative circumstances
what is the outcome pattern for resilience?
stable trajectory of healthy functioning after adversity
bounce back, and flexibly adapt
how do resilience questionnaires work?
measured like a trait
questions about how you generally react to stressors
how do resilience trajectories work?
measure after the event- longitudnal
identifies people that show a resilient outcome pattern over time
who researched reactions to adversity?
Bonanno (2004)
what does Bonanno describe resilience as?
mild disruption to normal functioning after the event, declines over time
what does Bonanno describe recovery as?
moderate symptoms after the event, declines over time
what does Bonanno describe delayed functioning as?
mild-moderate symptoms after the event, these increase to be severe over time
what does Bonanno describe chronic disruption to normal functioning as?
severe symptoms, both at the time of the event and afterwards
what did Norris, Tracy and Galea (2009) find out about reactions to adversity?
disagreements in how resilience is defined across different definitions
graphs can differ even if they are supposed to show the same concept
what was resilience viewed as historically?
rare- not many people were thought to be resilient
historically, what did bereavement theorists view resilience as?
viewed absent grief as a rare, pathological reaction
suppressing an emotional response, or mustn’t have been very close to the person they lost
how did Bonanno, Wortman et al (2002) investigate resilience in bereavement?
prospective, longitudnal study
205 participants
depression was measured pre-loss, 6 months and 18 months after loss of a spouse
participants were categorised based on how much they changed
what three categories did Bonanno, Wortman et al (2002) place grieving participants into?
resilience
common grief
chronic grief
what was Bonanno, Wortman et al’s description of resilience?
low pre loss depression
no significant change at 6 and 18 months
what was Bonanno, Wortman et al’s description of common grief?
low pre loss depression
high at 6 months
no difference at 18 months from pre loss
what was Bonanno, Wortman et al’s description of chronic grief?
low pre loss depression
high depression at both 6 and 18 months
how did Bonanno, Wortman et al (2002) classify people’s resilience prevalence in bereavement?
46%= resilient
11%= common grief
15%= chronic grief
what did Bonanno, Wortman et al (2002) find out about resilience in bereveament?
most people were resilient
no evidence in differences due to attachment styles
resilient people are still affected by bereavement- not to the extent where it impacts their daily functioning
how did Mancini, Bonanno and Clark (2011) measure resilience?
looked at how resilient people are after spousal loss or divorce
16,795 partipants from the German Socioeconomic Panel
used a statistical technique: Latent Growth Mixture Modelling
what does Latent Growth Mixture modelling do?
identifies sub-populations in the data
investigates whether there are different outcome trajectories for each sub-group
what did Mancini, Bonanno and Clark (2011) find out about resilience?
used the LGMM
subjective wellbeing was used as the outcome measure
majority= resilient
some acute recovery= declining wellbeing a bit before the loss, gradually improves with time
fewer= chronic low= lower levels of wellbeing, only a small decrease at the loss
few= wellbeing improves after the loss
who researched resilience prevalence in divorce?
Mancini, Bonanno and Clark, 2011
