Lecture 8 - Psychoanalysis Flashcards
Does the idea of the unconscious predate Freud?
yes.
Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
Conscious threshold; repression
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Irrational desires; sublimation; repression
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Battle between tendencies
Who is Johann Friedrich Herbart?
Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
Conscious threshold; repression
Who is Arthur Schopenhauer?
Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)
Irrational desires; sublimation; repression
Sublimation -> get ease of anxiety by manifesting desires in some other way
repression -> uncouncious desire we find un pleasent we might repress it
Who is Fredrich Nietzche?
Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
Battle between tendencies
Up to each person to make a unquire blend of them which comes
up as their personality
“Much of what is credited to Freud was diffuse
current lore, and his role was to crystallize these
ideas and give them an original shape”
Who is Sigmund Freud?
Sigmund Freud 1856 - 1939
- Culturally part of the Jewish community but
objected to organized religion - First child of his father’s third wife, who loved
and favoured him - Medical school, University of Vienna 1873
- Faced anti-Semitism
- Move to neuroanatomy, study with Charcot
- Used (and promoted) cocaine, smoked cigars
heavily
Who is Bertha Pappenheim?
Bertha Pappenheim: Anna O.
- Treated for hysteria via psychoanalysis by Breuer in 1880
- Breuer calls this the cathartic method
- Observed transference (Breuer as father), countertransference
(emotions towards AO) (Breurs theory was that there is emotional ideas that are not avaiable but manifesting as physical symptoms
but if they can be idenftied by a psychologist the symptoms can be treated) - BP becomes a leader in the European feminist movement,
“If there is any justice in the next life women will make the laws there and men will bear
the children” (1922) (Freud at this time was working as a neurologist and had troubles getting enough work) - Freud involved in the publication of this case study, 1895
- Treatment of hysterics
- The Nancy school
- Free association: a tool
to study the
unconscious mind by
encouraging the
patient to express
freely everything that
comes to their mind;
therapist listens for
glimpses of the
unconscious - Dream analysis:
dreams as wish
fulfillment, a symbolic
expression of a wish
that provokes anxiety if
expressed
What is the tripartite theory of personality?
Conscious mind:
- ego
- superego
Unconscious mind:
- id
-some of ego
-some of superego
What did Freud believe about unconscious motivations?
- Infantile sexuality
- Humour
- Religion
Freudian slip: “Slips of the tongue and slips
of the pen, forgotten names and forgotten
appointments, lost gifts and mislaid
possessions, all point to the role of wish and
motive. […] The woman who loses her
wedding ring wishes that she had never had
it. The physician who forgets the name of
his rival wishes that name blotted out of
existence.” – Heidbreder, 1933
first thought that the child abuse was actually happening
- but after about a decade he changes his thought and thought
the things women were saying in their sessions was about secret
sexual fantasies women had about adults as children
At this time in Austria literature about sexuality is very low
- no one really talked about sex
Who are the neo freudians?
- adler
- anna freud
- horney
-jung
What are the criticisms and contributions of Freud?
Criticisms
* Methods of data collection:
reproducibility, generalizability
* Dogmatism
* Emphasis on sex
* Intensiveness of psychoanalysis
* Lack of falsifiability
Contributions
* First theory of personality
* Expansion of psychology’s topics
(anxiety, infant experiences, the
unconscious)
* Application and
professionalization of psychology
Discussion:
Freud’s work was not as empirical as
Wundt’s but it was informed by his
interactions with many real people.
Does this give it a type of validity?
Why or why not?
How might a modern “hysteric” be
treated by the mental health system?
In what ways have we improved things
since the time of Freud?
In what ways have we failed to
improve?
Why do you think that Freud has so dominated public
perceptions of Psychology? Should it (can it) be changed?
What, if anything, should be retained from psychoanalysis by modern
clinical psychologists, counsellors, etc.?
