Lecture 8: Sexualities and Gender

Question 1

gender

Answer 1

socially constructed differences between women and men

Question 1

sex

Answer 1

the gender assigned to you by healthcare providers

Question 2

intersex

Answer 2

bodies that do not fit in either category because of medical conditions

Question 3

sexuality

Answer 3

persons capability for sexual feelings

Question 4

sexual orientations

Answer 4

what you identify as sexually

Question 5

measures based on dimensions of sexuality

Answer 5

1. identity
2. behaviour
3. attraction

Question 6

gender identity

Answer 6

persons sense of belonging to a particular sex (biologically, psychologically, socially)

Question 7

transgender

Answer 7

people who are uncomfortable with gender assignment at birth

Question 8

social constructionism and symbolic interactionsim: Gender

Answer 8

set of ideas about what constitutes as masculine and feminine behaviour

Question 9

gender roles and feminist theory

Answer 9

1. gender roles are indoctrinated in society
2. mass media enforces gender

Question 10

gender roles: functionalism and essentialism

Answer 10

1. traditional gender roles help integrate society
2. enforces conformity

Question 11

conflict theory and gender roles

Answer 11

1. male domination in class inequality
2. men gained economic, psychological, social, global power over women
3. male domination increased making industrial capitalism prominent and men superior while women were forced into submissive roles

Question 12

gender: essentialism

Answer 12

gender is part of nature or “essence”

Question 13

cisnormative culture

Answer 13

1. gender and sex as binaries and privilege
2. assume all people have same gender identity at birth

Question 14

criticism of essentialist perspective

Answer 14

1. reinforces generalization that men and women are inherently different
2. reinforcement of cisnormativity culture

Question 15

core criterias of pink collar jobs

Answer 15

1. feminization of labour
2. gender wage gap
3. precarious employment

Question 16

feminization of labour

Answer 16

1. industries or jobs predominately held by women
2. often seen as unskilled
3. creates horizontal segregation

Question 17

gender wage gap

Answer 17

1. limitation of pay equity
2. difference between men and womens earnings

Question 18

precarious employment criteria

Answer 18

1. low pay
2. job instability
3. lack of benefits

Question 19

feminist methodologies

Answer 19

research methods that refuse to see men as the sole standard

Question 20

gender discrimination

Answer 20

rewarding men and women differently for the same work

Question 21

occupational sex segregation

Answer 21

concentration of women in certain occupations and men in others

Question 22

vertical segregation

Answer 22

domination of one gender of positions in high authority and power within each occupation

Question 23

horizontal segregation

Answer 23

concentration of women and men in different occupations

Question 24

social constructionism: gender

Answer 24

gender and sexuality are the products of social structure and culture

Question 25

patriarchy

Answer 25

gendered belief system that prioritizes men over women in authority

Question 26

gender division labour

Answer 26

institutionalized as work, and tasks to be based on sex differences

Question 27

gender socialization example

Answer 27

barbie

Question 28

gender socialization

Answer 28

1. girls are likely to be rewarded for compliance 2. more influence towards girls being viewed as "docile" and "weak", therefore socialized to believe they are 3. socialized by toys and mass media in multiple asepects (eg. beauty standards)

Question 29

rights revolution

Answer 29

underlies cultural diversification 1. socially excluded groups have struggled to win equal rights—both under the law and in practice—from the 1960s onward

Question 30

Difficult issues with rights revolution

Answer 30

1. obligation of current citizens to compensate for past injustices 2. maintain acceptable balance between the right to be = and the right to be =/ 3. fragmented canadian culture legitimized grievance of group, formally excluded from social participation

Question 31

timeline of gay rights

Answer 31

a) post ww2 b) 1952 c) june 28 1969 d) 1970 e) 1973 f) mid 1990s g) july 2005 h) 2009 i) 2018

Question 32

sociological perspective on sexualities

Answer 32

1. Shifts between stigma to acceptance 2. stigma that stems from homophobia 3. Heteronormativity 4. Historical analyses

Question 33

Heteronormativity

Answer 33

a norm that expresses preference (or assumption) for heterosexuality

Question 34

Historical analyses: sexuality and gender

Answer 34

public opinion, laws, cultural practices, mass media

Question 35

timeline for gay rights canada

Answer 35

a) 2005 legalization of gay marriage b)2006-11 marriage tripled c) 2015; 70% of adults approved

Question 36

how gender is presented through performance

Answer 36

1. clothes 2. makeup 3. social cues 4. presentation

Question 37

Judith Butler

Answer 37

1. social realities are continuously created via language, social cues, etc 2. feminity and masculinity are constantly performed thanks to heteronormativity 3. heteronormative standards maintain power

Question 38

commodity

Answer 38

a person, idea, or thing that is bought or sold

Question 39

how is commodity made?

Answer 39

when we assign value to physical appearance (social construction theory)

Question 40

women's movement timeline

Answer 40

a) 1st wave (19th cent. - 1920s) b) 2nd wave (mid-1960s) c) 3rd wave (mid 1980s)

Question 41

4 main streams of women's rights

Answer 41

1. liberal feminism 2. socialist feminist 3. radical feminist 4. post-modern feminist