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Principles of Sociology > Lecture 5: Deviance and Crime > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Deviance and Crime Flashcards

1
Q

What norms are there?

A
  1. Folkways
  2. More (More-at)
  3. Taboo
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2
Q

What is a folkway?

A

Least severe of punishment when rule is violated

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3
Q

More (More-at)

A

core norm that most people is essential for societies/group survival

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4
Q

Taboo

A

strongest type of norm, harsh punishment when broken (aka revulsion)

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5
Q

Deviance criteria in breaking a norm

A
  1. time/place/culture-specific
  2. reflects power (not always)
  3. does NOT mean devious/bad/wrong
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6
Q

Harmless/no sanction criteria

A
  1. Informal
  2. Enforced through shaming, communal pressure
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7
Q

Severe punishment criteria

A
  1. formal
  2. enforced by laws
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8
Q

deviance that warrants negative sanctions criteria

A
  1. actions indicating disapproval
  2. informal punishments
  3. stigmatization
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9
Q

sanctions

A
  1. no-one noticing
  2. blaming someone else (scapegoat)
  3. glares + looks of disapproval
  4. butt of jokes
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10
Q

since deviant & criminal roles are learned …

A

actions of deviant + responses of others

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11
Q

labelling theory

A

our actions + responses from others

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12
Q

label meaning

A

judgements that we’re constantly and mutually recreating

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13
Q

stigma

A

type of negative label that has “gone toxic”

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14
Q

primary deviant

A

sense of deviance doesn’t negatively impact identity of sense of self

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15
Q

secondary deviant

A
  1. becomes part of identity and self worth
  2. manifest sense of shame/guilt/self-loathing/self-harm
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16
Q

deviance that goes against the law

A
  1. enforce by gov. bodies
  2. time/place/culture-specific
  3. reflect power
  4. followed by formal punishment in judicial system
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17
Q

concepts of crime and deviance (hogan)

A

(norm violations differentiated according to seriousness)
1. how harmful act was
2. agreement of how wrong action was
3. severity of punishment imposed on behaviour

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18
Q

moral panic

A

widespread fear that occurs when many people believe that a form of deviance or crime threatens society’s safety

19
Q

who benefits from moral panic?

A
  1. mass media
  2. crime prevention and punishment
  3. criminal justice system
  4. politics
20
Q

deviance: functionalist

A

deviance and crime are opportunities to establish 1. societal values
2. moral boundaries
3. increase social solidarity
4. allow for useful social change

21
Q

dysfunctions: functionalist

A

insufficient opp. for success;
1. lead to strain results
2. find alternative + legit means of achieving goal

22
Q

control theory

A

everyone would engage in deviance and crime if they knew they could get away with it

23
Q

types of control

A
  1. attachment
  2. commitment
  3. values and beliefs
  4. activities
24
Q

criteria of control theory

A
  1. set of ties bind young people to conventional world
  2. when ties are weak – deviance and crime occur
25
Q

who created control theory?

A

Travis Hirschi

26
Q

types of crimes

A
  1. street crime
  2. white-collar
27
Q

Types of street crime

A
  1. robbery
  2. theft
28
Q

what is robbery?

A

theft of property from another person through us of
1. threat
2. force
3. intimidation
do crime bc of said things above

29
Q

what is theft?

A
  1. involves use of force
  2. punished severely bc life is in jeopardy
  3. the amount of force used & not value items determine level of punishment
30
Q

difference between robbery and theft

A

robbery is considered property crime
theft is when force is used

31
Q

white collar crime criteria

A

involves people from privileged background

32
Q

Edwin Sutherland definition of white-collared

A
  1. “crime committed by a person of respectability + high status in course of occupation”
  2. crime committed on behalf of corporations
33
Q

present definition of white-collared crime criteria

A
  1. includes all individuals
  2. middle class use market place for criminal activity, not just wealthy and powerful to commit crimes
  3. tax evasion and credit card fraud
34
Q

feminist perspective and crime facts

A
  1. males more inclined in to crime and deviance (especially violent)
  2. deviant activities start earlier then later
  3. women and girls are becoming more violent (in gang activity) and is a growing problem
35
Q

criteria of being a serial killer

A

2 or more victims over a long operate period of time

36
Q

mass murder

A

large amount of death in small amount of time

37
Q

characteristics of serial killers

A
  1. long history of violence in beginning of childhood
  2. maintain superficial relationships
  3. have trouble relating to the opposite sex
38
Q

possible factors in being a serial killers

A
  1. mental illness
  2. sexual frustration
  3. neurological damage
  4. childhood abuse and neglect
  5. smothering relationships with mothers (sometimes fathers)
  6. childhood anxiety
39
Q

how do sociologists view serial killers

A
  1. as sociopaths
  2. early childhood demonstrate bizarre behaviour (torturing animals, immune to victims suffering, enjoy media spotlight)
40
Q

gender and crime: analysist

A
  1. female crime can be explained by concepts and theories used to explain male wrong-doings
  2. feminist ideas are more likely to argue for gender-specific theories (crime and deviance)
41
Q

race and crime: analysis

A

controversial correlation
1. indigenous people and blacks are over-represented in prison

42
Q

overrepresentation explanation

A
  1. racial bias
  2. greater criminal activity
  3. racial profiling (police officers of particular racial or ethnic groups)
43
Q

punishment recall

A

1.sanctions (negative, formal, and informal punishment)
2. deviance is

44
Q

Diversion: Redefining police services

A
  1. defunding =/ abolish
  2. defunding (divert funds from police budgets into social services)
  3. police are not trained in crisis care and shouldn’t be expected to lead tis important work

Principles of Sociology (13 decks)

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