Lecture 12: Mass media and communication

Question 1

media facts

Answer 1

1. movable printing press was invented by Johan Gutenberg in the 1450s and was originally powered by humans.
2. The local hand in hand, the industrial revolution, and how things get recognized over time
3. This concept of mass media is relatively new.
4. The entire history of humans as a species is just like a drop in the bucket

Question 2

eurocentrism

Answer 2

• communications studies is a very European, Eurocentric discipline
• This media timeline is limited to Eurocentric and European histories

Question 3

3 diff. historical moments in time led to the kind of popularization of compulsory mass media

Answer 3

■ Protestant Reformation
■ Democratic Movements
■ Capitalist or Industrial Revolution

Question 4

Protestant Reformation and eurocentrism

Answer 4

1. moveable type of printer press
2. created pamphlets for mass distribution
3. european people relied on priests to tell them what was bible
4. mass distribution created mass literacy around the world

Question 5

democratic movements

Answer 5

1. marked by examples as american and french revolution and overthrow monarchy
2. mass media promotion was rise of political democracy
3. wanted rep in gov. and furthered literacy making newspapers grow

Question 6

capitalist/industrial revolution

Answer 6

1. increased mechanization of product goods, influx from rural-urban areas
2. increased production = rapid communication
3. communication and mass media were formed as way to efficiently meet goal
4. realization that industrialization means educated workforce

Question 7

theoretical branch of communicatin and media theory

Answer 7

media/technological determinism: functionalism

Question 8

media determinism & canada

Answer 8

• big in UOFT
• follows though that media shapes technology, how ppl think, feel and act
• tech works to shap social structures

Question 8

Innes: space-biased media

Answer 8

argues tat media is modes of communication and endured overtime
- mobile across geographical space
- promotes strong tradition + custom, religious beliefs and power
- territorial expansion

Question 9

different types of society

Answer 9

1. oral
2. literacy

Question 10

oral

Answer 10

1. based on oral tradition and story-telling
2. knowledge is invested in few communities (books + institutions)
3. allegory of cave: plato
4. socratic method (way of learning when people speak and ask questions)

Question 11

literacy

Answer 11

1. developed, written or portable written media (websites, digital books etc)
2. extends globally
3. way societies all progress
4. creates progression

Question 12

tech + functionalism nation wide

Answer 12

1. important agents of socialization
2. social control (news-outlets, crime stats, etc)
3. provide entertainment

Question 13

marshall McLuhan

Answer 13

1. mass media changes exp of things, and perception of politics
2. idea of oral literate, literate to electronic concept
3. cultures become more visually orientated
4. allow rationalization and individual knowledge
5. expand capacity, info gatherm transmission and make people more aware of activities around the world

Question 14

conflict theory

Answer 14

1. mass media broadcasts beliefs, values, and ideas that create widespread structure on society (including, injustice and inequality)
2. bell canada, rogers, telus, shaw, and quebecor control 82% of broadcasting + telecoms
3. heavy on media bias in ads, sourcing, and flak
4. 37% of newspaper editors been influenced by ads, 63% haven’t

Question 15

manufacturing consent: Herman and Chonky

Answer 15

1. media machine = filter
   (ownership, ads, media elite, flack and agreed upon-enemy)
2. Viewer-broadcaster relationship = consumer-producer
3. propaganda and selected
   information via ”information bubbles”
   (Controlling ideologies of consumers)

Question 16

imagined community: benedict anderson

Answer 16

1. development of written language was essential in creating current borders
2. ppl who communicate orally from one to another and have other-standing of another persons language
3. common media for people w/ energy or ground food areas communicate with another
4. unequal distrubution of media ownership in politics

Question 17

types of manufactured consent

Answer 17

1. ads (where revenue is earned)
2. sourcing (new-gather methods, agreed on press releases, interviews by large govs, organizatins)
3. flack (people & entities, who are defamed or not given access to power bc it threatens ownership)

Question 18

media voluntarism

Answer 18

1. school of thought that holds that we are free
   to choose the media messages that suit us
2. decisions to who we are, which imagined communities we will join;
   the mass media just offers us options.

Question 19

Stuart Hall

Answer 19

people are not empty vessels into which
mass media pour a defined assortment of beliefs

Question 20

Voluntaristic theories

Answer 20

1. Representation
2. selective and evaluative

Question 21

Representation

Answer 21

the use of signs for the purpose of conveying
meaning.
* People produce meaningful communication by employing signs to represent objects, people,
events, and ideas

Question 22

selective and evaluative

Answer 22

form of interpretative frames
e.g., help us to make sense of masculinity,
femininity, gender relations, and sexuality.

Question 23

cultural studies: conflicting frames and Cultural studies analysts

Answer 23

argue that the mass media provides
dominant interpretive frames and interpretive frames that conflict
with dominant representations.
* The mass media are properly understood as sites of struggle over
cultural meanings.

Question 24

feminist approach

Answer 24

1. initially assumed audiences are passive 2. women are portrayed more submissively and in home-taker roles then men 3. news rarely mentioned issues of importance to women (wage discrimination, paid labour force, sexual abuse, childcare problems + more) 4. four distinct categories women consume and focus opinions on

Question 25

four distinct categories

Answer 25

1. pro-life women from all social classes (abortion is never justified, reject mass media justifications for abortions) 2. Pro-choice women in the working class who think of themselves as members of the working class (adopt view as survival strategy) 3. Pro-choice women in the working class who aspire to middle-class status (abortions aren't for them, and other "responsible women") 4. Pro-choice women in the middle class (individuals feelings can determine if abortion is right or wrong in their case)

Question 26

social media

Answer 26

apps and websites that allow people to interact, create, and share content via mobile phone networks

Question 27

social media's potential

Answer 27

1. Democratization 2. Afford new ways of connecting to others. 3. Play an important role in contemporary social activism

Question 28

Democratization

Answer 28

result of their interactive, decentralized nature

Question 29

contemporary social activism

Answer 29

- Creating awareness for various causes. - Mobilizing support for political action.

Question 30

downsides to social media

Answer 30

1. Digital Divide 2. social media seeks to facilitate interactions 3. to concentration and commercialization. 4. surveillance issues

Question 31

Digital Divide

Answer 31

1 - - gap between who has access and who doesn't 2- - Canadian Radio Telecommunications Commission published. 3 - - They stated in 2016 that high-speed internet is a necessity

Question 32

how social media seeks to facilitate interactions not all are helpful

Answer 32

cyberbullying and cyber harassment, the circulation of bench porn. Online communities can become very toxic

Question 33

concentration and commercialization

Answer 33

Dominated by large corporations. *Commodification of user data. *Data is mined, organized, packaged, and sold to advertising and marketing companies

Question 34

surveillance issues

Answer 34

Who's looking at your online activity? - bottom-up surveillance (you being surveyed by institutions, but they used to survey each other) - top-down surveillance