Lecture 3: Socializing

Question 1

Cooley

Answer 1

Set symbolic interactionism in place, came with concept “looking-glass self”

Question 2

self

Answer 2

set of ideas and attitudes about who you are as an independent person
1. form sense of self as results of continued social interaction

Question 3

looking glass self

Answer 3

“I am not what I THINK I am”
“I am not what YOU THINK I am”
“I am what I THINK that YOU THINK I am”

Question 4

flexible self

Answer 4

1. development of a life-long process
2. leaving and taking on roles
3. Anticipatory socialization

Question 5

globalization: flexible self

Answer 5

combined elements from variety of historical periods and geographic settings

Question 6

growing ability: fashion new bodies from old

Answer 6

1. body-building/aerobic exercise/weight reduction
2. sex-affirming operations
3. plastic surgery

Question 7

Mead

Answer 7

One founder of symbolic interactionism, had same thoughts as Weber

Question 8

Meads’ stages of development

Answer 8

1. learn language through symbols
2. pretend play
3. complex games, taking roles of others
4. generalization

Question 9

Gilligan

Answer 9

how social positions affect socialization and social factors explain how girls and boys are raised differently

Question 10

Goofman

Answer 10

Developed dramatical approach to sociology. Includes social life like a play, with defined roles and props, front and backstage

Question 11

Goofman’s Dramatical Analysis

Answer 11

1. people present themselves to look best
2. constantly engaged in role-play
   – public vs true selves
   – not aware of role-playing
3. roleplay is gov. by norms
   – impression management

Question 12

Impression management

Answer 12

try and place ourselves in best light possible

Question 13

Socialization

Answer 13

1. process which people learn to function in their culture
2. entering and disengaging from a series of roles
3. becoming aware of themselves as they interact with others

Question 14

socialization rule 1 facts

Answer 14

1. ant environment, person acts on basis of existing personal characteristics and interests
2. environment more or less cooperatively responds
3. environmental responses shapes the individuals conduct

Question 15

Agents of socialization

Answer 15

families, schools, peer groups, mass media, gender roles

Question 16

gender roles

Answer 16

set behaviours associated with widely shared expectations regarding how you’re supposed to act depending on your gender

Question 17

what are the individuals conduct?

Answer 17

1. reinforcing existing patterns (cooperation)
2. encouraging change (resistance)

Question 18

Primary socialization

Answer 18

attributing basic skills needed to function in society in childhood

Question 19

secondary socialization

Answer 19

socialization outside of family (school system, peers, mass media)

Question 20

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 20

expectation that helps to cause what it predicts

Question 21

Peer groups

Answer 21

not friends, but of similar status and age

Question 22

status

Answer 22

Recognized Social Position that a person can have

Question 23

conflicts that exist between status

Answer 23

1. values promoted by family
2. values promoted by adolescent peer group

Question 24

Feminist theory

Answer 24

conviction that gender equality is due to consequences of power and social conventions, rather than biological necessity. The patriarchy

Question 25

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 25

thought that examines how various aspects of social life covey meaning, assess or impede communication

Question 26

symbolic interactionists view

Answer 26

1. socialization is a creative process 2. bound by inherent biology (psychological traits)

Question 27

Resocialization

Answer 27

powerful socializing agents deliberately cause rapid change in peoples' values, roles, and self-conception (sometimes against their will)

Question 28

what accompanies resocialization?

Answer 28

1. ceremony 2. initiation rite

Question 29

Initiation rite

Answer 29

transitions of individual with one group or another, and ensures' persons loyalty to group

Question 30

Total Institutions

Answer 30

settings which people are isolated from larger societies, under strict control and supervision

Question 31

Flexible self

Answer 31

development of a life-long process, throughout life a person enters and leaves behind many roles

Question 32

social interaction

Answer 32

involved communication among other people, acting and reacting to one another

Question 33

role

Answer 33

set of expected behaviour

Question 34

conflict

Answer 34

3 or more roles/countless expectations on us that countlessly conflict with each other

Question 35

role strain

Answer 35

pressure in jobs/organizations regarding workload

Question 36

role distancing

Answer 36

occurs when roles aligned are not taken with our values (may seem embarrassing or beneath us)

Question 37

status cues

Answer 37

visual indicators of a person’s social position

Question 38

networks

Answer 38

set units linked by exchange to of material or emotional resources

Question 39

social groups

Answer 39

group of one or more network of people with one-another and adhere to norms, roles and statuses

Question 40

group think

Answer 40

group pressure to conform

Question 41

bystander apathy

Answer 41

people observe someone in an emergency but do not offer to help

Question 42

primary social group

Answer 42

norms, roles are agreed on but not put into writing

Question 43

secondary social group

Answer 43

larger, more interpersonal than primary

Question 44

Emotional management

Answer 44

act of "feeling rules" and responding appropriately to situations

Question 45

how do we manage emotions?

Answer 45

1. external stimulus 2. physiological response 3. cultural script 4. modified emotional response

Question 46

emotional labour

Answer 46

emotional management that people do as their job

Question 47

civilization differences criteria

Answer 47

1. emergence of childhood and adolescence 2. increase in lifespan

Question 48

victorian era civilization

Answer 48

"child-as-labour"

Question 49

current era civilization

Answer 49

"child-as-sacred"

Question 50

how will prolonged childhoods be possible in wealthier countries?

Answer 50

improved access to 1. nutrition 2. healthcare 3. education

Question 51

age cohort

Answer 51

category of people born in same range of years

Question 52

age roles

Answer 52

patterns of behaviour expected id people in different cohorts

Question 53

generation

Answer 53

1. special type of age cohort 2. compromises members of an age cohort who have a unique and formative exp. during youth 3. collective identity 4. form together during rapid social change

Question 54

what are the generations?

Answer 54

1. greatest generation (1900-1928) 2. silent generation (1928-1945) 3. baby boomers (1946-1964) 4. generation X (1965-1980) 5. Millennials (1981-1996) 6. Gen Z (1997-early 2010s)

Question 55

life course

Answer 55

1. stages of life from birth to death 2. predictable pattern of age-graded roles + responsibilities 3. organized by society

Question 56

rites of passage

Answer 56

rituals that signify the transition from one life stage to the next

Question 57

functions and conflicts

Answer 57

1. evaluation of the school system 2. hidden curriculum teachings

Question 58

what are the hidden curriculum teaches?

Answer 58

1. Punctuality 2. respect for authority 3. importance of competition in leading to excellent performance

Question 59

"situations we define as real become real in their consequences"

Answer 59

thomas thorem

Question 60

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 60

expectation that helps cause what it predicts

Question 61

Adler and Adler (1988)

Answer 61

Hierarchies arranged: 1. classes 2. race 3. family wealth 4. athletic ability 5. attractiveness

Question 62

virtual communities

Answer 62

associations of people scattered across the world, who communicate via computer about subjects of common interest