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Neurobiology I > Lecture 8: Vision > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the 3rd-order neuron located along the visual pathway?

A

Lateral geniculate nucleus of the Thalamus

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2
Q

Label the eye

A
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3
Q

Glaucoma is basically ________ in the eyeball

A

hydrocephalus

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4
Q

With glaucoma, the __________ __________ ________ is blocked

A

aqueous humor drainage

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5
Q

What part of the eye is divided into 2 chambers?

A

lens

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6
Q

The aqueous humor is like what? and drains into where?

A

CSF
anterior chamber

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7
Q

Vitreous humor (glass-like): filled by what?

A

blood vessels

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8
Q

What is this structure?

A
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9
Q

Focusing: is the ________ of __________

A

refraction; light

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10
Q

What two parts of the eye control refraction of light?

A

lens and cornea

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11
Q

The retina controls _______ and _______

A

brightness; quality

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12
Q

The ________ controls how much light gets in and will constrict to help our eyes adjust to light

A

iris

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13
Q

Label these parts of the eye

A
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14
Q

Cornea: ______ anteriorly, ______ adjustment
(transparent)

A

convex; gross

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15
Q

Lens: ________, ______ adjustment
( anterior convexity __________ )

A

biconvex; fine
adjustable

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16
Q

Cataract involves the _______ of the ______

A

opacity
lens

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17
Q

Ciliary muscle contraction: ___________ anterior convexity
- for ______ adjustment
- this muscle helps us see ______ ______

A

increases
fine
up close

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18
Q

Ciliary muscle relaxation: _______ anterior convexity and is controlled by CN ____

A

decreases
III

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19
Q

What are these two structures?

A
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20
Q

Which eye muscle helps us see in the dark?

A

Pupillary dilator/dilator pupillae

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21
Q

Pupillary dilator/dilator pupillae is sympathetic: __________ ________ __________

A

superior cervical ganglia

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22
Q

Pupil: _______ effects

A

pinhole

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23
Q

_______: absorption of strayed light

A

Retina

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24
Q

Which eye muscle helps us adjust if the light is too strong?

A

Pupillary sphincter/Constrictor pupillae

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25
The Pupillary sphincter/Constrictor pupillae involves CN III (Vm): ______ ganglion
ciliary
26
Label this
27
What is the pathology inducted by the MRI scan?
Hyrdocephalus lateral and 3rd ventricles enlarged crebral aqueduct compromised
28
Photoreceptors: not ______- detect diff wavelengths of light Rods: _____ and ______ Cones, _____, _______, _______
neurons black, white blue, green, red
29
With structure of the retina, _______ __________ of the light goes into the eye, and _________ of the light comes out
projection direction processing
30
Bipolar neurons: _____-______ neurons Rods: bipolar= ___-_____: 1, _____ image Cones:bipolar = __:__, _______
1st order 15; 30, gross 1, 1, acuity
31
With rods (black and white), you cannot see _______ only ______
details, shape
32
The _______ is the center of the macula and is ______mm diameter
fovea 1.5
33
The _______ is deep to the fovea and is ____ mm diameter
foveola 0.15
34
The foveola is associated with which bipolar neurons and for what purpose?
cones, for visual acuity
35
_________ is when. you fix the fovea on target objects
foveation
36
The macula is ______ to the _______ ______ which is ____ mm diameter
lateral; optic disk 5.5
37
With legally blind people, what is going on?
The macula has degenerated and cannot see details
38
Our blind spot = ?
no photoreceptors
39
Visual Pathway to V1
40
_________ ________: the brain's ability to simultaneous process different aspects of a visual scene, color, shape, motion, etc by sending info through separate neural pathways allowing for a quick comprehensive understanding of what is being viewed
parallel processing
41
Geniculostriate Pathway Lateral _________ ________ to V1
geniculate nucleus
42
Geniculostriate Pathway __________ projection fibers: parietal lobe _________ quadrant
Superior Inferior
43
Geniculostriate Pathway _________ projection fibers: temporal lobe, Meyer's loop _________ quadrant
Inferior Superior
44
Macula projecting 60% of _______ ________
posterior V1
45
__________: spatial information conserved * don't need to look at the object to know what you're doing
Retinotopy
46
How is the iris controlled by visceral motors when the sunlight is too strong?
Sphincter pupillae activated by CN III, decrease light into the eyeball
47
_________ __________: 2 symmetrical halves of the visual field
Visual hemi fields
48
________ hemifield: the nasal retina of the right eye and temporal retina of the left
Left
49
________ hemifield: the temporal retina of the right eye and nasal retina of the left
Right
50
Retina and Visual Fields
51
Optic nerve: _______ of the eye _________ nasal and temporal retina
vision ipsilateral
52
Optic chiasm: decussation of _________ nasal retina tracts
bilateral
53
Optic tract: vision of ________ _______ hemi fields Ipsilateral _________ and contralateral ______ retina
both visual temporal nasal
54
Common visual impairments
1. Blindness in the eye CN II 2. Tunnel view: optic chiasm 3. Homonymous Hemianopia: optic tract 4. Superior quadrantopia: Myer's Loop 5. Homonymous Hemianopia: geniculostriate pathway
55
With blindness in the eyes, you will lose what?
bilateral nasal components
56
With tunnel view, there are usually _______ _______ _______ present
pituitary gland tumors
57
With Homonymous Hemianopia: optic tract, the patient cannot see what?
contralateral field
58
With Superior quadrantopia: Myer's Loop, there is ________ _______ vision loss
superior quadrant
59
With Homonymous Hemianopia: geniculostriate pathway, there is damage to the ______ _______
lateral geniculate
60
The parallel projection pathways are not through the _________
thalamus
61
Parallel projection pathways Tectopulvinar pathway is in the ( __________ ) - _________ area and _______ colliculus - _______ ________ reflex - ___________ association areas: _______ stream
midbrain Pretectal, superior pupillary light visual; dorsal
62
________/_________ _________; a person can still unconciously perceive some visual stimuli, like the movement of a simple object, despite being unable to see anything
Blindsight/Riddoch's phenomena
63
Parallel projection pathways Hypothalamus: ___________ nuclei this is the relay for _______ ________
suprachiasmatic circadian rhythm
64
Pupillary light reflex Afferent : CN _____, specific ______ cells, no __________ - To the bilateral CN III _________ nucleus
II ganglion photoreceptors parasympathetic
65
Pupillary light reflex Efferent: CN _____, ________ of the bilateral pupils
III constriction
66
Pupillary Light Reflex
67
Axon bundles from which side of the nasal and temporal retina are in the left optic nerve, chiasm, and right optic tract?
Left optic nerve: both Lnasal and temporal retina Optic chiasm: bilateral nasal retina ganglion axons Right optic tract: R temporal and L nasal retina ganglion axons
68
Which side CN II or CN III is compromised according to the the pupillary light reflex?
L eye II/ III normal R III normal, R CN II compromised

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

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