Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurobiology I > Lecture 3- Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the size of the basic microcolumn for cerebral cortical functions? Which neuron is centered for its function?

A

50μm diamater column, 100 neurons
pyramidal cells is centered for its functions (efferent fibers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebral Cortex: What are the 6 layers? (found in the gray matter)

A
  1. Molecular
  2. External granular
  3. External pyramidal
  4. Internal granular
  5. Internal pyramidal
  6. Multiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebral Cortex: Motor Cortex

Frontal lobe contains more ________ cells

A

pyramidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cytoarchitecture of the Cerebral Cortex: Sensory Cortex

This cortex has more ________ layers and more associated with the ______ and ________ lobes

A

granual

parietal

occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cycoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex is ___-_____ mm thick

A

2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Pyramidal Cells

The central neuron of the neocortex
- _______ with a pyramidal shape

  • various sizes with _______ numbers
A

somata

fixed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Pyramidal Cells

______ cells are in M1 (largest motor cortex)

A

Betz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Pyramidal Cells

Neurotransmitter: __________/__________
are excitatory or inhibitory?

The axon can ________ from diff. layers

A

glutamate/ aspartate
excitatory
descend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Pyramidal Cells

Excitatory means it….?

A

activates the next neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Interneurons

The Integrating Afferent Information regulates…?

A

the functions of the pyramidal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Interneurons

Neurotransmitter: ___________/__________
- excitatory or inhibitory?

Neurotransmitter: _________
- excitatory or inhibitory?

A

glutamate; asparate
excitatory

GABA
inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neurons in the Neocortex Interneurons

The inhibitory transmitters can _______/_______/________ into other layers

A

ascend
transverse
descend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Functional Microcolumn:

________ Band of Baillarger
- Layer 4
- Goes through the projection fibers
- Ascends and crosses horizontally

A

Outer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Functional Microcolumn:

________ Band of Baillarger
- Layer 5
- Among cortical regions to other subcortical regions and other subcortical structures
- horizontal and descends out

A

Inner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Communicating Fibers:

Layers I-III are the ________ and ________ fibers

A

association
commisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Communicating Fibers

Layer IV contains the _______ fibers and are afferent from the _______ to the ________

A

projection
thalamus
cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Communicating Fibers

Afferent: __________ projections to all layers
- Project to the _______ cortex
- involves _______ and ________: eyes move (brain stem projects that ascend)

A

Subcortical
cerebral
arousal and alertness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Communicating Fibers

Efferent: from the cortex to subcortical CNS structures, layers ____ and _____

A

V, VI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Internal capsule:

descending _______ fibers between the ______ ________ or between the basal nuclei and __________

A

projection
basal nuclei
thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which brain structure is the center of the ANS? and how does this structure bridge the nervous and endocrine system?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thousands of microcolumns consist of: primary cortices which are….?

A

M1
S1
V1
A1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Unimodal association cortex helps to support the _________ ________

A

primary cortices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Heteromodal association cortex consists of: ____________ functions, __________ and is close to which lobe?

A

integrated
metacognition
parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The ________ cortex: specialized heteromodal association cortex

25
L hemisphere of the brain controls ________ and ________ (hint: talking)
conversation; processing
26
M1: Brodmann's Area _____ is located in the _______ gyrus S1: Brodmann's Area ___, ____, _____ is located in the _______ gyrus V1: Brodmann's Area ____ A1: Brodmann's Area ____ and sometimes _____
4; pre-central 3, 1, 2; postcentral 17 41; 42
27
Broca's Area: Brodmann's Area _____, ______ L hemisphere - helps us to _______/________ speech
44, 45 express; control
28
If the Broca's area is damaged, the patient can ________ but can't ________
understand; speak
29
Wernicke's Area: Brodmann's Area ______- L hemisphere - helps us with _______ of language
22 comprehension
30
If the Wernicke's Area is damaged, the patient can talk, but isn't _______ to your ?'s bc the patient cannot....?
understanding, understand what you are talking about
31
The R side of the brain is for _______ of language
prosody
32
Premotor/supplementary Area: Brodmann's Area ______ *Premotor: _______ cerebral cortex *Supplementary: _________ of that Area
6 lateral medial
33
Frontal Eye Field (FEF): is located at Brodmann's Area ______ and controls eye movements
8
34
Integrated Functions of the Frontal Lobe ________ _______ control center: drives eyes to the opposite side located in Brodmann's Area _____
Horizontal Gaze 8
35
Integrated Functions of the Frontal Lobe _______ Area is in the dominant hemisphere _______ _______ motor control centers
Broca's Higher Level
36
Horizontal Gaze Control With strokes, the eye will stay fixed to the midline and cannot drift to the _______ side Ex. R sided stroke eyes cannot drift to the ______ side
non- efected L
37
Horizontal Gaze Control With seizures, the FEF is activated at all times Ex. If the seizure is R-sided the eyes will stay fixated to the ______ side
opposite
38
The ______ ________ is the last maturing brain structure until mid 20s-30s
prefrontal cortex
39
Functional Execution: caused by the ________ __________ ________ cortex
left dorsolateral prefrontal
40
The ____________ cortex controls our personality and houses the _______ system *Has the most ________ fibers in the internal capsule
orbiofrontal personality limbic efferent
41
Which cerebral communicating fibers are in the internal capsule? Which deep brain structures does the internal capsule course through?
Projection Fibers Basal nuclei: caudate and putamen Basal nuclei and thalamus: putamen/globus pallidus and thalamus
42
Integrated Functions of the Parietal Lobe: Comprehension Lateralization R hemisphere: attention of ________ space, _______ cognition L hemisphere: ______ (how to perform motions sequentially)
bilateral spatial praxis
43
Integrated Functions of the Occipital Lobe Integrated _______ and ______ of the objects Vision: a learned _________
shape; color perception
44
True or False? V1 does "SEE" the object
FALSE it DOESN'T "see" the object
45
Integrated Functions of the Temporal Lobe: Helps to _______ sounds into _______ words: (A1) and _______ association area
decode meaningful unimodal
46
A R side MCA stroke can result in _______ ________ syndrome
left hemineglect
47
Integrated Functions of the Temporal Lobe: Is the initial area for _______ processing also called _______ Area
language Wernicke's
48
Integrated Function of the Neocortex: Language __________ __________- the patient can understand and talk normally but the talking is NOT related to your topics
Arcuate Fasciculus
49
Integrated Funtion of the Neocortex: Language Lateralization L hemisphere for language _______
production
50
Integrated Function of the Neocortex: Language Lateralization R hemisphere for language _______
prosody
51
A patient with a stroke around the left inferior frontal lobe can't speak fluently. Which Brodmann area is affected? Which type of aphasia does the patient suffer from?
Broca's Area, Brodmann's Area- 44, 45 Expressive/nonfluent aphasia
52
Damage to the Broca's Area can cause which type of aphasia?
Expressive/Nonfluent aphasia, agraphia
53
Expressive/Nonfluent aphasia, agraphia 's location is on the _______ _______ _______ lobe
left inferior frontal
54
With expressive/nonfluent aphasia, agraphia- the patient can't ________ but _______ what you're saying
speak; understands
55
Damage to the Wernicke's Area can cause which type of aphasia?
Fluent Aphasia, Alexia
56
With fluent aphasia, alexia- they have no trouble with the physical act of speaking but.....
what they say doesn't make sense
57
__________ aphasia is the inability to repeat sentences, defective use of phonemes, and impaired naming ability
Conduction
58
Arcuate fasciculus usually happens from a ________ when lesions connect from the _______ and ________ lobes through white matter tract
stroke frontal; temporal
59
Severe impairment across all language modalities results in _______ aphasia
Global

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions