Lecture 9: Eye Movement

Question 1

Where are the horizontal and vertical gaze centers?

Answer 1

Horizontal: PPRF
pontomedullary junction

Vertical: riMLF
between the diencephalon and midbrain

Question 2

What are the two muscles that help us open our eye?

Answer 2

Levator palpebrae superioris
Superior tarsal muscle

Question 3

Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Attaches to the __________ _______ ________ and _________ _______ ___________ and is supplied by CN _____

Answer 3

Common tendinous ring
Superior tarsal plate
III

Question 4

Ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated with which muscle?

Answer 4

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Question 5

Superior Tarsal Muscle
Attcahes to the __________ _________ ________ tendon
and the _________ _________ _______

Answer 5

Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Superior Tarsal Plate

Question 6

The Superior Tarsal muscle is a sympathetic component for the ________ ________ ___________

Answer 6

superior cervical ganglion

Question 7

Partial ptsosis if nonfunctional is associated withw hich muscle?

Answer 7

Superior tarsal muscle

Question 8

What are these two muscles?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the 6 Extraocular muscles?

Answer 9

4 recti
1. Superior Rectus
2. Inferior Rectus
3. Medial Rectus
4. Lateral Rectus

2 Obliques
1. Superior Oblique
2. Inferior Oblique

Question 10

The inferior oblique is located on the ________ _________ surface of the ________

Answer 10

medial superior. maxilla

Question 11

Extraocular muscles

Answer 11

Question 12

Cojugate Eye Movements
Transverse plane: ?
Sagittal Plane: ?
Coronal Plane:

Answer 12

ABD and ADD
ELE and DEP
INT and EXT

Question 13

With conjugate movements, extrusion goes ____ and intrsusion _______

Answer 13

CCW
CW

Question 14

Muscle attachments define eye movemets

Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)

The distal attachment is superior to the axis, which will create ______ and _________

Answer 14

ABD; ELE

Question 15

Muscle attachments define eye movemets

Ex. Lateral Rectus (ABD)

Extra ________ ________ sleeves in the distal attachment will create ABD and ELE

Answer 15

connective tissue

Question 16

CN IV palsy creates _______ _______ functions

Answer 16

inferior oblique

Question 17

What 4 eye muscles are innervated by CN III- oculomotor nerve?

Answer 17

Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus
Medial Rectus
Inferior Oblique

Question 18

Muscle actions:
Superior Rectus: ?
Medial Rectus: ?
Inferior Rectus: ?
Inferior Oblique?

Answer 18

elevation
adduction
depression
elevation

Question 19

Which eye muscle is innervated by CN IV: trochlear nerve?

Answer 19

Superior Oblique

Question 20

Superior oblique muscle action?

Answer 20

Depression

Question 21

CN IV nerve innervation has a ________ ________ attachment
and ________ muscle control

Answer 21

posterior midbrain
contralateral

Question 22

CN VI abducens nerve innervates which extraocular muscle?

Answer 22

Lateral Rectus

Question 23

Lateral rectus muscle action?

Answer 23

ABD

Question 24

CN VI: abducens nerve
____ for _____; vertical/horizontal gaze center coordination

Answer 24

Relay; MLF

Question 25

___________: eye adjustment for eyes

Answer 25

accommodation

Question 26

Accomodation for eyes: Seeing far away- pupils _____ and ______

Answer 26

dilate; ABD

Question 27

Accomodation for eyes: Seeing close up: pupils _______ and ______

Answer 27

constrict; ADD

Question 28

Accomodation for eyes: From far to close Pupilary ________ _______ ________ contraction Bilateral eyes ________

Answer 28

constriction ciliary body ADD

Question 29

Accomodation for eyes: From close to far: Pupilary _______ Ciliary body ________ Bilateral eyes _______

Answer 29

dilation relaxation ABD

Question 30

Which 3 functional eye movements do we need daily?

Answer 30

1. Saccade 2. Fixation 3. Smooth Pursuit

Question 31

Functional Eye Motions 1. ______; jumps from one spot to another (fast movement of the eye) 2. ________: eyes stay here for a longer period (focus fovea) 3. _______ _______: eyeballs follow moving objects; this is involved with ________ fixation

Answer 31

Saccade Fixation Smooth Pursuit dynamic

Question 32

Which muscle and nerve is compromised?

Answer 32

R CN VI: abducens nerve lateral rectus

Question 33

With smooth pursuit, you have to match what factor?

Answer 33

speed

Question 34

With functional saccade or smooth pursuit, there is still a ______ ms lag for _______ ________

Answer 34

200 sensory processing

Question 35

Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) have no ______ _______ innervation modulation of ________ ________ ________ functions Associated with the ______ and ______ ________

Answer 35

direct muscle lower motor neuron FEF; gaze centers

Question 36

Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) _______ ________ innervation Neurons in CN _____, ______, ______ nuclei

Answer 36

direct muscle II, IV, VI

Question 37

UMN functions focus on the ________ ( ____________ ) of the movement ________ and ________ (how much) of the movement

Answer 37

intention; direction speed; extension

Question 38

UMN: Vertical Gaze Center Houses the riMLF: ________ ____________ ________ of ________ _______ _______ Between the ________ and ____________-

Answer 38

rostral interstitial nucleus; medial longitudinal fasciculus diencephalon; midbrain

Question 39

UMN: Vertical Gaze Center Ipsilateral CN ____ and _____ for controlateral _______ __________ and _______ _________ Ipsilateral CN III for ________ ________ and _________ _________

Answer 39

III, IV superior rectus, superior olique III, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

Question 40

UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center Houses the PPRF; __________ _________ ________ _____________ loacted on the ___________ ___________

Answer 40

paramedian pontine reticular formation pontomedullary junction

Question 41

UMN: Horizontal Gaze Center Ipsilateral CN _____ for _______ ________ Contralateral CN ______ for ________ ________

Answer 41

VI; lateral rectus III, medial rectus

Question 42

The FEF has ______ _______ UMN and contralateral _______ control

Answer 42

higher level PPRF

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

Horizontal Gaze Center Pathology: Diplopia

Answer 44

Question 45

If the left frontal eye field is compromised due to stroke, which direction of the eye movement will be compromised?

Answer 45

To the R because the FEF controls contralateral eye movement

Question 46

Can legally blind patients see and walk? why?

Answer 46

Because being legally blind affects the macula mainly, so they still have perepheral view w/o acuity. There is still parallel processing along visual pathways (multiple projections) directly to the brain areas out of V1, and can "sense" objects around