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Neurobiology I > Unit 2- Lecture 1: AP > Flashcards

Unit 2- Lecture 1: AP Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

4 types of ion channels neurons generally have in their cellular membrane?

A

Ligand-gated
Voltage-gated
Modality-gated
Leaking

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2
Q

_______-________ ion channels: synaptic/receptor potentials

A

Ligand-gated

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3
Q

______-________ ion channels: action potential

A

voltage-gated

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4
Q

______-_______ ion channels: receptor potential

A

modality-gated

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5
Q

_________ ion channels: K+ to maintain the rest of membrane potential

A

leaking

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6
Q

The neural circuit is a combination group for _________

A

subsystems

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7
Q

The neural circuit and subsystems is mostly made of _______ cells

A

pyramidal

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8
Q

With the neural circuit and subsystems, the axon terminal communicates with _______, _________, and other _________

A

dendrites
cell bodies
neurons

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9
Q

Synapse is the _________ unit and the axon ________ other structures

A

communicating
targets

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10
Q

Neuron: Cell body/soma

includes ALL _______ ________
including the ________

________ differentiated
Nucleus ________
No ________ anymore

A

cellular organs
nucleus

Terminal
condensed
replication

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11
Q

Neuron: Cell body/soma functions

Reception and summation of _______ or _______ _________

_________ functions

A

receptor
synaptic potentials

synthesizing

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12
Q

Neuron: Axon- limited cellular organs such as _________

A

mitochondria

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13
Q

Neuron: Axon functions

_______ of APs
________ transportation
Limited __________ processing

A

Conduction
Active
neurotransmitter

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14
Q

Neuron: Axon functions

Specialized region: ________ of APs
- ________ around soma
- ________ _________ around receptor endings

A

Initiation
Hallock
Trigger zone

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15
Q

Neuron: Axon- Most neurons go from the ______ _______ to the _______ ________

A

cell body
axon terminal

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16
Q

Neuron: Types of Dendrites

_________: has a single axon, but multiple dendrites

A

Multipolar

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17
Q

Neuron: Types of Dendrites

________: has one axon and one dendrite that extends from opposite. sides of the cell body

A

Bipolar

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18
Q

Neuron: Dendrites

With bipolar dendrites, ______ order neurons are formed from the ________

A

1st
retina

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19
Q

______________: has no dendrites, one axon that splits into two branches

_________ vs _______ processes

A

Pseudounipolar
central, peripheral

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20
Q

Which two organelles are associated with pseudounipolar dendrites?

A

golgi apparatus
mitochondria

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21
Q

What are the two ways of transportation of molecules in the neurons?

A

Railway

Active Transportation

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22
Q

Railway
___________: elongate to the positive direction
It can go either way with ________, but only to the ________ in the axon

A

Tublins

dendrites
terminal

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23
Q

Active Transportation

Anterograde: Which protein ?
Retrograde: Which protein ?

A

Kinesin
Dynein

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24
Q

With anterograde, it goes from the ______ _____ to the __________

A

cell body
terminal

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25
With retrograde, it goes backwards from the _________ to the ______ ________
nucleus cell body
26
Kinesin and Dynein are both _______
cargoes
27
Label this
A. Inferior horn B. 3rd Ventricle C. Foramen of Monroe D. anterior horn E. posterior horn F. cerebral aqueduct G. 4th ventricle
28
Neuron Cellular Membrane and Functions Bilayer Phospholipds are __________ ________ - water cannot cross it Water channel : _________ Ion channels: subtypes of receptors, ________ or __________ Ion pumps: ________/__________ pump, _______ dependent Other Molecules: __________, _______, etc
selectively permeable aquaporin leaking, gated Na+, K+, ATP receptors, transporters
29
Polarity of Neuron Cell Membrane Inside: ? Outside: ?
Potassium Sodium
30
Polarity of Neuron Cell Membrane _________ potential: unbalanced particles __________ potential: unbalanced charges
Osmotic Electrical
31
Polarity of Neuron Cell Membrane is ________ charged
negatively
32
Rest Membrane Potential: _____ to _____mV Increased creates __________ which is a _____ negative charge Decreased creates _________ which is a ________ negative charge
-90, -40 depolarization, less hyper polarization, more
33
Voltage-gated ion channels open up _______ the threshold
above
34
Ligated-gated: ________ as ligand, ion channel as _________
neurotransmitter receptor
35
Modality-gated: open/closes in response to _______ _______
specific stimulus
36
Leaking Channel: _____ freely crossing the membrane
K+
37
Receptor potential Changes with ______ Based on ______ -fast -slow ( __________ ) Intensity: _________
stimuli duration adaptation amplitude
38
Synaptic potential Like _______ potential Always _______ duration Intensity: __________
receptive short amplitude
39
Action Potential ________ duration (~1ms) ________ amplitude for specific neurons Intensity: __________
Shortest Fixed Frequency
40
Which proteins oversee Antero- Retro- grade transportation in the axons?
Kinesin- Antero Dynein- Retro
41
Membrane Potential and Polarity Change Hyperpolarization: ?
Decreases membrane potential
42
Membrane Potential and Polarity Change Depolarization: ?
Increases membrane potential
43
Membrane Potential and Polarity Change Above threshold = ?
Action Potential
44
Membrane Potential and Polarity Change Stronger stimuli = ?
Higher frequency
45
What are the 5 phases of Initiation of AP?
1. Resting Potential 2. Slow Depolarization 3. Fast Depolarization 4. Repolarization 5. Hyperpolarization
46
Initiation of AP: Resting potential: ___mV
-70
47
Initiation of AP: Slow Depolarization: > ____mV, < ____mV
-70 -55
48
Initiation of AP: Fast Depolarization: ____mV, ______ ______-_____ Na+ channels open which creates an ?
-55, threshold Voltage-gated Action potential
49
Initiation of AP: Repolarization: _______ until ____mV
decreases -70mV
50
Initiation of AP: Hyperpolarization: below the _______
threshold
51
Initiation of AP: ________ ________: voltage- gated, Na+ and K+ channels are CLOSED
Resting potential
52
Initiation of AP: _______ _________: Local potentials summate to depolarize the membrane. Voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels remain CLOSED
Slow Depolarization
53
Initiation of AP: _______ ________: When the threshold potential is reached, voltage-gated Na+ channels OPEN and Na+ rushes in. The membrane quickly depolarizes to a positive membrane potential.
Fast Depolarization
54
Initiation of AP: __________: voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated. Many voltage-gates K+ channels are OPEN, K+ exits, taking positive charges out of the axon.
Repolarization
55
Initiation of AP: ___________: Voltage- gated K+ channels remain OPEN. K+ continues to leave the axon, restoring the polarized membrane potential.
Hyperpolarization
56
Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Repolarization: K+ voltage-gated ion channel threshold: __________ depolarization
Fast
57
Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Repolarization: Na+ voltage-gated ion channel threshold: _________ depolarization
Slow
58
Refractory Period to Reinitiate AP: Absolute refractory period = Not enough….?
Voltage-gated Na+ ion channels to reopen
59
Refractory Period to Reinitiate AP: Absolute refractory- __________ conduction
Unidirectional
60
Refractory Period to Reinitiate AP Relative refractory period: Some _____ -________ Na+ channels to reopen Higher stimuli __________
voltage- gated intensity
61
Sodium/Potassium Pumps: Maintain Na+ and K+ __________ ____ Na+ and ___ K+ in per ____ ATP
gradients 3 2 1
62
Sodium/Potassium Pumps: ______ dependent: ____-______% of the energy consumed by the brain
ATP 20, 40
63
Conduction of Membrane Potentials: _________ conduction: decreases with conduction distance
Passive
64
Conduction of Membrane Potentials: ___________ conduction: if stimulated in the middle of axons
Bidirectional
65
Conduction of Membrane Potentials: Action Conduction - _________ APs - ________ __________: above the threshold - _____-direction
Reinitiating Fixed amplitude Uni
66
Explain why the AP can only be conducted unidirectional Bc of the ________ _______ phase: there is no voltage-gated ______ channels available
Absolute refractory Na+

Neurobiology I (13 decks)

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