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PSYC 302 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a disease

A

a medical condition with a specific cause or causes and record and recognizable signs and symptons

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2
Q

what is a syndrome

A

a collection of signs and symptoms and medical problems that tend to occur together but are not re;ated to a specific identifiable cause

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3
Q

what are the three types of clinical pain

A

-acute pain
-cancer pain
-chronic non cancer pain

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4
Q

types of acute pain

A

emergency room
post op

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5
Q

types of non cancer pain

A

-inflammatory
-neuropathic
idiopathic/functional
-headache

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6
Q

true or false: presurgical analgesia makes things better

A

false it does not make it work

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7
Q

chronic postsurgical pain: most common chronic pain

A

-amputation 50-85%
-cardiac surgery 30-55%
-thoracotomy 5-65%

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8
Q

acronym of chronic postsurgical pain

A

cpsp

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9
Q

cpsp: cosmetic surgery

A

21-50%

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10
Q

cpsp; breast augmentation

A

13%

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11
Q

cpsp; vasectomy

A

15%

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12
Q

what are the two types of acute to chronic pain transitioning

A

-you have acute pain and then there is a transition period in which you can either have pathological pain or resolved
-or you have your post op pain , and then there is chronic pain that kinda starts and the post op pain resolves and then the chronic pain goes up

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13
Q

what is CIPN? and what prevalence

A

-chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy
-30-40% of all patients get that

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14
Q

what is in a normal joint

A

-synovial membrane that protects the joint
-the synovial fluid that is between the joints
-joint capsule that is on the outside of the joint

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15
Q

osteoarthritis is caused by?

A

thinned cartilage which means the bones rub together

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16
Q

what is rheumatoid arthritis

A

-autoimmune disease
-caused by swollen inflamed synovial membrane
-causes bone erosion

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17
Q

what is the type of rheumatoid arthritis treatment

A

monoclonal antibodies

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18
Q

the monoclonal antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis all block…

A

tnf alpha

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19
Q

what are the most popular meds for rheumatoid arthritis

A

-infliximab aka remicade
-adalimumab aka humira
-etanercept aka enbrel

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20
Q

causes of chronic neuropathic pain

A

-nerve trauma (stump pain, phantom pain and bone fracture)
-iatrogenic nerve injury aka caused by medical treatment
-nerve compression due to entrapment ex: carpal tunnel
-nerve compression by tumor ex: many cancer pains
-metabolic/ nutritional/ischemic ex: diabetic neuropathy and sickle cell anemia
-more mpreeeeeeee

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21
Q

what is the difference between nociceptive and neuropathic pain

A

-neuropathic is injury to the nerves/nervous system
-nociceptive is the damage to like the surrounding neurons

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22
Q

true or false: hypersensitivity is common for nociceptive pain

A

false it is pretty uncommon except for hypersensitivity in the immediate area of an acute injury

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23
Q

steps of diabetic peripheral neuropathy

A

-health issue
-capillary damage
-nerve damage and loss of sensation in extremities
-injury dye to loss of sensations
-loss of sensation and circulation problems result in increased risk of infection, ulcers and gangrene

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24
Q

true or false: shingles are caused by a complication of chicken pox

A

rtiue
it is the virus that stays there in the drg and stays dormant in where it og got there

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25
Q

what can cause post herpetic neural gia

A

shingles

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26
Q

what are the most common causes for phantom limb pain

A

-type 2 diabetes: 53.2%
-perifery arterial disease : 18.3%

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27
Q

which is more common and more severe; upper limb or lower limb phantom limb pain

A

upper limb at 94%

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28
Q

phantom limb symptoms

A

pain
itch, vibration, temperature
movement
size, shape, position
rings on their finger
referred phantom sensation

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29
Q

what is referred phantom sensation

A

like face touching felt in phantom limb

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30
Q

what is telescoping

A

phantom limb retracting in their bodies fist clenched and it hurts

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31
Q

what are the 2 causes of phantom limb pain

A

central and periferal changes

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32
Q

what are central changes in plp

A

-changes in the brain

33
Q

what are peripheral changes in plp

A

in stomp
brain changes because of change in stomp

34
Q

true or false; even in phantom pain, the cortical that is responsible for it, will not take other roles

A

false; it can

35
Q

plp interventions

A

-traditional treatment methods aka drugs and surgery <30%
-lidocain blocks, in spinal side, works better near drg, plp eliminated in 50% of cases

36
Q

what is causing crps type 1

A

we dunno

37
Q

what is causing crps 2

A

classic traumatic neuropathic pain ex: from gunshot

38
Q

what does crps mean

A

complex regional pain syndrome

39
Q

true or false: physiological changes in affected limb affects crps1 and talk examples

A

true and it is false for crps2
loss of hair
nail changes
sweating

40
Q

what are the cardinal signs of crps1

A

spontaneous pain
swelling
different skin temperature
thermal and mechanical allodynia
circumferential in distribution

41
Q

true or false crps2 does not respond to nerve block but to sympathetic blockers

A

false that is crps2

42
Q

what are the cardinal signs of crps2

A

burning pain
mechanical allodynia
hyperlagesia
follows discrete nerve distribution
variable response to sympathetic

43
Q

true or false; crps2 responds well to nerve blocks

A

true

44
Q

what causes crps

A

we dunno

45
Q

what is the type of disorder that is fibromyalgia

A

a nociplastic one

46
Q

is fibromialgia a form of arthritis

A

no

47
Q

is fibromyalgia a rheumatic condition

A

yeah

48
Q

why is fibromyalgia a rheumatoid condition

A

-a condition that affects the joints and or soft tissues, causing chronic pain
-significant pain and fatigue
-generally diagnosed by a rheumatologist

49
Q

why is fibromyalgia not a form of arthritis

A

-no inflammation or damage to joints, muscles or tissues
-does produce pain in soft tissues around joints and in skin, organs throughout the body

50
Q

which disease causes brain fog

A

fibromyalgia causes fibro fog

51
Q

can fibro cause numbness and tingling

A

yeah

52
Q

what are the main things that scream fibro

A

chronic wide body pain and fatigue

53
Q

what used to be a toll to diagnose fibro

A

they would [press on tender points since people with fibro have a lower threshold for pain

54
Q

which disease had the first brain pain imaging

A

fibro

55
Q

why did people used to thing that firbo was fake

A

because mostly women had it it is only when they saw the brain scans that what pain happened in the body coordinated with the brain

56
Q

which disease causes increased windup and why

A

fibro
-increased ascending transmission=more pain
-decreased descending inhibition

57
Q

which disease causes increased windup and why

A

fibro
-increased ascending transmission=more pain
-decreased descending inhibition which disease

58
Q

which disease causes decreased conditioned pain modulation

A

fibro

59
Q

is fibromyalgia a small fiber neuropathy

A

-if you look at the small fiber density who have it
-their nocideptor nerve endings are much less dense
-it is as if they have a neuropathy that affects the small fibers

60
Q

is there overlap between idiopathic pain conditions

A

true

61
Q

true or false; some diseases are diagnosed as smth depending on the doctor

A

true some of them are diagnosed as smth like some people who have ibs also have a form of fibro

62
Q

what are the types of headache

A

sinus
cluster
tension
migraine

63
Q

what is sinus headache

A

pain is behind browbone and or cheekbone

64
Q

what is a cluster headache

A

pain is in and around one eye

65
Q

what is a tension headache

A

pain is like a band squeezing the head

66
Q

what are the symptoms of a migraine

A

pain
nausea
visual changes

67
Q

which is longer a migraine or a headache

A

migraine

68
Q

headache and migraine locations

A

-headache: bilateral
-migraine: unilateral

69
Q

which is most common headaches or migraines

A

migraines

70
Q

which has physical aggravation aka when you move it gets worse

A

migraines

71
Q

photophobia and phonotobia migraines and headaches

A

-both for migraine
-either for headaches

72
Q

stages of migraines

A

-pronodrome which is before the migraine
-aura; aka changes in visual perception like flashing light
-headache
-postdrome; aka migraine hungover

73
Q

are there any migraine triggers

A

nah they are all nocebo

74
Q

do we know the cause of migraine; vasodilation or neuronal

A

-vasodilation=blood supply is fucked?
-neuronal: dura problems which has nerves aka the trigeminal nerve

75
Q

aura and cortical spreading depression

A

-spreading wave of cortical hyperexcitability from the back
-cortical spreading depression area that trails the wave of cortical hyperexcacitibibility
-area of cortical depression has spreaded to the front

76
Q

the speed of the aura in a migraine matches the speed of …

A

cortical spreading depression

77
Q

what is the % of people who have migraines that have auras

A

20%

78
Q

migraine treatments

A

-over the counter analgesics
-acute: triptans and cgrp antagonists
-prophylactic: they prevent migraines, cgrp antagonists are a hugeeee slay aka mabs

79
Q

how do they take migraine meds

A

they just like take the prophylactic and then if migraine take the acute ones

PSYC 302 (10 decks)

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