Lecture 9 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Lecture 9 Deck (13)
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1
Q

What is unique about bacteria?

A

They do not require light, they could potentially use cosmic rays to make energy

2
Q

What are cyanobacteria?

A

Bacteria who live deep underground and undergo anoxygenic photosynthesis

3
Q

What are the three major branches of Darwin’s tree of life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes

4
Q

How does the bacteria feed on chemical radiation?

A

It uses the energy from chemicals broken down by radiation

5
Q

What planets would be ideal for these bacteria?

A

Mars and rogue planets

6
Q

What was unique about Newton’s law of universal gravitation?

A

it implies that the moon (very far away) must feel gravity

7
Q

What are the three important concepts in the Universal Law of Gravitation?

A
  1. Every mass attracts every mass 2. attraction is directly proportional to masses 3. attraction is indirectly proportional to distance
8
Q

How did newton’s laws extend kepler’s first law?

A

Now applies to all orbiting objects (not just around the sun)

9
Q

How did newton’s laws extend kepler’s second law?

A

Now applies to all orbiting objects in a field with a central force, incl. gravity

10
Q

How did newton’s laws extend kepler’s third law?

A

Ellipses are not the only paths for orbitals, (E<0, ellipses; E=0 parabola; E>0 hyperbola)

11
Q

How was G first measured?

A

In the Cavendish experiment

12
Q

How can we determine the mass of large objects?

A

By using the orbital period and average orbital distance (e.g. the earth and sun, earth’s mass would be negligible)

13
Q

What is fundamental about orbital energy?

A

it remains constant, unless there’s an external force