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Anatomy (711) > Lecture 9: Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

what are the boundaries of the intervertebral foramen?

A 
roof = inferior vertebral notch of pedicle above
floor = superior vertebral notch of pedicle below
posterior = lamina/zygapophyseal joint
anterior = body/disk
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2
Q

transverse foramen

A
  • unique to cervical vertebrae

- passage for vertebral arteries and veins

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3
Q

what is unique about C3-C6?

A

bifid (forked) spinous process for neck muscles and nuchal ligament

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4
Q

what is an important function of the coccyx?

A

it anchors the pelvic floor diaphragm

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5
Q

what are the joints between vertebral bodies called?

A

intervertebral discs

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6
Q

what type of joint is an intervertebral disc?

A

symphysis type of cartilaginous joint

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7
Q

thicker intervertebral disc = _____ (greater/less) ROM

A

greater

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8
Q

annulus fibrosus

A
  • outer ring of fibrocartilage of disk
  • arranged in concentric lamellae
  • attached to the epiphyseal rim of the vertebra above and vertebra below to hold them together
  • twists to allow some rotation
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9
Q

nucleus pulposus

A
  • semifluid core of the disk
  • acts as a flexible cushion
  • able to redistribute anterior/posterior (due to lack of annulus fibrosus posterior) to accommodate movement of vertebra at disk
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10
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • runs from C1 and occipital bone to pelvic surface of sacrum
  • interconnects the anterior/lateral surfaces of adjacent vertebrae
  • limits extension of the vertebral column
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11
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • weaker than anterior longitudinal ligament
  • runs from C2 to sacrum through the vertebral canal interconnecting posterior bodies and intervertebral disks
  • limits flexion/hyperflexion of the vertebral column
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12
Q

ligamenta flava

A
  • interconnect adjacent laminae
  • elastic ligaments
  • restrict flexion
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13
Q

interspinous ligaments

A
  • interconnect root and apex of adjacent spinous processes
  • restrict flexion
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14
Q

supraspinous ligaments

A
  • interconnect tips of spinous processes

- restrict flexion

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15
Q

nuchal ligament

A
  • interconnects spinous processes from occipital bone through cervical vertebrae
  • restricts flexion
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16
Q

intertransverse ligaments

A
  • interconnect transverse processes of adjacent vertebra

- restrict ABD/ADD and flexion

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17
Q

transverse ligament of atlas

A

holds dens to anterior arch of C1

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18
Q

longitudinal bands

A

connect the transverse ligament to the occipital bone and body of C2 to form a cross with the transverse ligament = cruciate ligament

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19
Q

alar ligaments

A

connect dens to foramen magnum

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20
Q

tectorial membrane

A
  • continuation of posterior longitudinal ligament

- passes through the vertebral foramen of C2 and C1, and the foramen magnum to insert in the floor of the cranial cavity

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21
Q

anterior sacroiliac ligaments

A
  • thickening of synovial joint capsule

- hold sacrum to the ilium

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22
Q

interosseous sacroiliac ligaments

A
  • form the syndesmosis
  • limit all movements of sacrum
  • transfer weight from vertebral column to hip
23
Q

posterior sacroiliac ligaments

A

Limits depression/wedging

  1. oblique angle: superior ilium to inferior sacrum; pull hips tight to sacrum when force is applied via lumbar vertebrae to sacrum
  2. limit inferior slide of sacrum and posterior rotation of coccyx
24
Q

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

A

limit posterior tilt of sacrum/coccyx

25
Q

iliolumbar ligament

A
  • runs from ilium to transverse process of L5

- prevents L5 from “skiing off the slope”

26
Q

3 main things that limit movement of the spinal column

A
  • IV disk thickness, elasticity, and compressibility
  • zygapophyseal joint shape and orientation
  • zygapophyseal joint capsule strength (thickness)
27
Q

movement of the spinal column can be changed by what 2 things?

A

stretching, age

28
Q

The neck is the most mobile vertebral region due to? (6 things)

A
  • relatively thick IV disks and small body, disk surface
  • transversely oriented zygapophyseal joints
  • weak zygapophyseal joints
  • minimal surrounding tissue in neck
  • enhanced flexion/extension at atlanto-occipital joint
  • enhanced rotation at the atlanto-axial joint
29
Q

The lumbar region is set up for ______, allowing minimal ______.

A

flexion and extension; rotation

30
Q

The thoracic region is set up for _____, allowing minimal _____.

A

rotation; flexion/extension

31
Q

cervical curve is concave posterior, or _____.

A

lordosis

32
Q

thoracic curve is concave anterior, or _____.

A

kyphosis

33
Q

lumbar curve is concave posterior, or _____.

A

lordosis

34
Q

sacral curve is concave anterior, or _____.

A

kyphosis

35
Q

what are the 3 main functions of spinal curvatures?

A
  • shock absorption
  • flexibility
  • balance in upright stance
36
Q

main arteries for the cervical vertebrae

A
  • vertebral and ascending cervical

- branch from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

37
Q

main arteries for the thoracic vertebrae

A

posterior intercostal arteries

38
Q

main arteries for the lumbar vertebrae

A

subcostal and lumbar arteries

39
Q

main arteries for the sacral vertebrae

A

iliolumbar arteries and lateral and medial sacral arteries (branches of internal iliac arteries)

40
Q

main veins for the vertebral column

A
  • anterior and posterior external vertebral plexus
  • anterior and posterior internal vertebral plexus
  • basovertebral vein (drains blood from vertebral body into anterior external and internal plexus)
41
Q

recurrent meningeal nerve supplies _____ with _____.

A
  • dura mater, periosteum, ligaments, disks, and blood vessels of vertebrae
  • sensory and sympathetic innervations
42
Q

articular nerve branches from medial branches from posterior rami supply _____.

A

zygapophyseal joints

43
Q

size of vertebral body is ______ the amount of body weight carried

A

proportional to

44
Q

vertebral bodies are primarily _____ with _____ shell

A

spongy bone; compact bone

45
Q

sacral canal

A
  • continuation of vertebral canal

- houses cauda equina

46
Q

the anterior and posterior sacral foramina serve as openings for _____

A

dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

47
Q

auricular surface of sacrum articulates with _____ to form a _____ joint

A

hip bone; planar synovial

48
Q

sacral tuberosity articulates with _____ to form a _____ joint

A

hip bone; fibrous syndesmosis

49
Q

uncovertebral joint

A

between uncinate process of cervical vertebra and epiphyseal rim of vertebral body above

50
Q

the atlanto-occipital joint is a _____ type synovial joint

A

condyloid

51
Q

the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is an extension of the _____

A

ligamentum flavum

52
Q

the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane is an extension of the _____

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

53
Q

lateral atlantoaxial apophyseal joints

A

between superior articular processes of axis and lateral masses of atlas

54
Q

median atlantoaxial joint

A
  • pivot joint
  • synovial articulation b/w dens of C2 and ant arch of C1
  • synovial articulation b/w dens of C2 and cartilage of the transverse ligament of atlas

Anatomy (711) (62 decks)

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