lecture exam 2 (cardiovascular and respiratory) Flashcards
1
Q
pulmonary circulation
A
lung circulation
deoxygenated blood from the right side
2
Q
systemic circulation
A
body circulation
oxygenated blood from the left side
3
Q
aorto
A
aorta
4
Q
arterio
A
artery
5
Q
cardio
A
heart
6
Q
veno and phlebo
A
vein
7
Q
angio
A
blood vessel
8
Q
hemo and sanguino
A
blood
9
Q
apex
A
pointed caudal end
10
Q
base
A
rounded cranial end
11
Q
mediastinum
A
space between 2 lungs
12
Q
pericardial sac
A
fibrous sac containing the heart
13
Q
auricle
A
blind pouch off of an atrium
14
Q
ventricles
A
separated by interventricular groove; pump blood out of the heart
15
Q
atria
A
receive blood, contract and send blood to ventricles
16
Q
pericardium
A
fibrous sac containing heart and the linings
17
Q
epicardium
A
visceral layer
18
Q
myocardium
A
muscle sheets
19
Q
endocardium
A
covers papillary muscles and valves
20
Q
chordae tendineae
A
prevents valves from opening backwards
21
Q
4 functions of the heart
A
- separates atria and ventricles
- anchors heart valves
- point of attachment for myocardium
- electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
22
Q
autorhythmic
A
cardiac muscle created its own contractions and relaxations
23
Q
deoxygenated blood
A
from right side of heart to lungs
24
Q
oxygenated blood
A
from left side of heart to body (walls are thicker; more blood)
25
deoxygenated blood flow
vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary capillaries (switches to oxygenated)
26
oxygenated blood flow
pulmonary veins
left atrium
mitral valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta
systemic circulation (systemic arteries, capillaries (switches), then veins)
27
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
28
2 types of arteries
elastic: near heart (aorta)
muscular: autonomic nervous system (arterioles)
29
major arteries
aorta (oxygenated)
pulmonary artery (deoxygenated)
30
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels from branching arterioles; walls: gas and nutrient exchange occurs
31
veins
carry blood toward the heart; venules: fluid exchange; gravity: valves prevent back flow (one way)
32
major veins
vena cava (deoxygenated)
pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
33
blood flow
heart - arteries - arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins - heart
34
pulse
stretch and recoil of artery with every ventricular contraction
35
superficial arteries
small: femoral
large: coccygeal
horse: mandibular, digital
cow: facial
36
cephalic vein location
elbow to carpus
37
iliac artery and vein location
where aorta and caudal vena cava bifurcate
38
femoral artery and vein location
name changes at abdominal wall
39
lateral saphenous vein location
lateral hindlimb between hock and stifle
40
respiratory system main function
bring in oxygen from outside and get rid of carbon dioxide
41
respiratory system secondary functions (4)
- voice production
- body temp regulation
- acid-base balance
- sense of smell
42
upper respiratory system
not lungs
- nostrils
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
43
lower respiratory system
lungs and bronchi
- bronchi
- lungs
- bronchioles
- alveolar ducts
- alveoli
44
hilius
where air, blood, lymph, and nerves enter
45
other structures included in respiratory system
mediastinum
diaphragm
pleura
intercostal muscles
46
pleura
covers structures and inner walls of thoracic cavity
47
intercostal muscles
muscles between ribs
48
external respiration
lungs; exchange between air and blood
49
internal respiration
body; exchange between blood and cells/tissues
50
breathing =
inspiration and expiration
51
how does breathing occur (4)
- partial vacuum within thorax
- pulls lungs tightly out against thoracic wall
- allows lungs to follow movements of thoracic wall and diaphragm
- air passively enters and exits with changes of thoracic volume
52
inspiration
- increases thoracic cavity size
- diaphragm contracts becoming flat
- external intercostal muscles rotate ribs up and out
53
expiration
- decreases thoracic cavity size
- abdominal muscles push organs against diaphragm to get dome back
- internal intercostal muscles rotate ribs backwards
54
pharynx
- where respiratory and digestive cross
- divided by soft palate
- pathway for air
55
larynx
- control of airflow to and from lungs (changes size of glottis)
- prevention of inhalation of foreign objects (epiglottis covers opening)
56
trachea
- air pathway
- filters debris out and moves to larynx
57
bronchial tree
airway pathway
- continues filtering
- autonomic nervous system changes diameter to aid breathing needs
58
alveoli
- thin-walled sacs surrounded by capillaries
- for external respiration
59
nasal passage
- condition inhaled air
- warming, humidifying, filtering
60
endothelium
inner layer of blood vessels
61
pericardium
lines chambers of heart
62
afferent never fibers
carry sensations toward CNS
