lecture exam 2 cont. (nervous system)

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

uses chemicals to carry messages
- neurotransmitters
- allows systems to react quickly
- sensory messages go up; motor messages go down

Question 2

endocrine system

Answer 2

uses chemicals to carry messages
- hormones
- body reacts more slowly to changes

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord
- central axis of body
- linked to rest of body via PNS

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

cranial and spinal nerves
- extend away from central axis outward in periphery

Question 5

encephalo

Answer 5

brain

Question 6

meningi

Answer 6

meninges

Question 7

myelo

Answer 7

spinal cord

Question 8

neuro

Answer 8

nerve

Question 9

myelomalacia

Answer 9

necrosis of spinal cord

Question 10

neuropathy

Answer 10

disease of nerves

Question 11

gray matter

Answer 11

neuron cell bodies

Question 12

white matter

Answer 12

myelinated nerve fibers

Question 13

cerebrum

Answer 13

• longitudinal fissure
• gyri
• sulci
• corpus callosum
• olfactory bulb

Question 14

diencephalon

Answer 14

• thalamus (relays to cerebrum)
• hypothalamus (bridges nervous and endocrine)
• pituitary (master endocrine gland)

Question 15

brain stem

Answer 15

• midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 16

spinal cord

Answer 16

processing between periphery and brain

Question 17

meninges

Answer 17

brain and spinal cord
- nutrients, oxygen, and cushioning
- dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
- control pain and fever

Question 18

how many cranial nerves (PNS)

Answer 18

12 pairs from brain
- optic, facial, vagus, spinal
- spinal: brachial plexus (radial, median, ulnar), femoral, sciatic)

Question 19

paralysis (plegia)

Answer 19

loss of impairment of motor function

Question 20

paresis

Answer 20

slight/incomplete paralysis

Question 21

ataxia

Answer 21

failure of coordination

Question 22

proprioception

Answer 22

knowing the position of the feet

Question 23

blood brain barrier

Answer 23

separates capillaries in the brain from nervous system

Question 24

cerebrum

Answer 24

learning and intelligence; interprets sensory info and initiates voluntary responses

Question 25

damage to cerebrum

Answer 25

behavior abnormalities seizures voluntary movement problems

Question 26

cerebellum

Answer 26

balance and coordination

Question 27

damage to cerebellum

Answer 27

hypermetria ataxia

Question 28

deincephalon

Answer 28

passageway between brain stem and cerebrum

Question 29

thalamus

Answer 29

relays sensory to cerebrum

Question 30

hypothalamus

Answer 30

bridges nervous system with endocrine

Question 31

pituitary gland

Answer 31

master endocrine gland

Question 32

brainstem

Answer 32

subconscious maintenance of basic support functions of the body

Question 33

damage to brain stem

Answer 33

rapid death possible

Question 34

spinal cord

Answer 34

processing and modification of sensory and motor impulses between periphery and brain dorsal horn - sensory ventral horn - motor

Question 35

damage to spinal cord

Answer 35

- highly variable, dependent on location - conscious proprioception - voluntary motion - superficial/deep pain - reflexes

Question 36

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 36

- brain and spinal cord - cushioning and affects regulation of respiration/vomiting - changes with disease

Question 37

brachial plexus damage

Answer 37

flaccid paralysis of limb

Question 38

radial nerve

Answer 38

- motor to forearm - sensory to forearm and paw

Question 39

radial nerve damage

Answer 39

animal drags paw

Question 40

median and ulnar nerve

Answer 40

motor and sensory to forearm

Question 41

damage to median and ulnar nerve

Answer 41

hyperextension of carpus

Question 42

femoral nerve

Answer 42

motor and sensory to hindlimb

Question 43

damage to femoral nerve

Answer 43

leg cannot support weight

Question 44

sciatic nerve

Answer 44

motor and sensory to hindlimb

Question 45

damage to sciatic nerve

Answer 45

gait changes animal walks on dorsum of paw

Question 46

sympathetic effects

Answer 46

HR inc force inc diameter of bronchioles inc pupil dilated GI dec diameter of skin blood vessels dec diameter of muscle blood vessels inc diameter of kidney blood vessels dec

Question 47

parasympathetic effects

Answer 47

HR dec diameter of bronchioles dec pupil constricted GI inc

Question 48

pia mater

Answer 48

lies directly on surface of brain and spinal cord

Question 49

main expiratory muscles

Answer 49

intercostal and abdominal