lecture exam 3 pt.2 (endocrine) Flashcards
1
Q
endocrine system
A
- works with nervous to maintain homeostasis
- uses hormones to carry messages
- body reacts slowly to changes
2
Q
nervous system
A
- neurotransmitters are used to carry messages
- system reacts quickly to changes
3
Q
endocrine glands
A
- ductless
- direct to bloodstream
- examples: pancreas, thyroid, adrenal
4
Q
exocrine glands
A
- ducts
- onto epithelial surfaces
- examples: pancreas, sweat, salivary
5
Q
negative feedback
A
helpful; hormones released to maintain homeostasis
6
Q
positive feedback
A
encourages for more production of hormones to direct away from homeostasis
7
Q
hypothalamus
A
- makes hormones for production of anterior pituitary gland hormones and to be stored in posterior pituitary gland
8
Q
anterior pituitary
A
- produces hormones (prolactin)
- connected to hypothalamus by blood vessels
9
Q
posterior pituitary
A
- stores ADH and oxytocin
- connected to hypothalamus by nerve fibers
10
Q
GH
A
- growth hormone
- regulates metabolism of proteins, lipid, and carbs in all body cells
11
Q
prolactin
A
triggers and maintains lactation
12
Q
TSH
A
- thyroid stimulating hormone
- gets thyroid to produce hormones
- produced by anterior pituitary gland
13
Q
ACTH
A
- Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- growth and development of adrenal cortex and release of hormones
14
Q
FSH
A
- Follicle-stimulating hormone
- oogenesis, estrogen production
- spermatogenesis
15
Q
LH
A
- follicle development in ovary
- testosterone production
16
Q
ADH
A
- released when dehydration is detected
- concentrated urine is created from release
- causes diabetes insipidus
17
Q
oxytocin
A
- uterine contractions
- milk letdown
- parturition and lactation
18
Q
thyroid gland
A
- thyroid hormone and calcitonin
- T4: thyroxine pro hormone
- T3: active hormone
19
Q
effects of thyroid hormones
A
*metabolism
- hyperglycemia
- cardiac output increases heart rate
- growth of bones and muscles
- maintain body temp and metabolism
- gut motility
- hair growth and healthy skin
20
Q
calcitonin
A
- maintain blood calcium by PTH and vitamin D
21
Q
PTH
A
blood calcium
affects kidneys and bones
22
Q
adrenal cortex
A
- stimulated by ACTH
- glucocorticoids (handling stress)
- mineralocorticoids (electrolyte balance)
- sex hormones
23
Q
hyperadrenocorticism
A
- pituitary tumor from too much ACTH and cortisol
- iatrogenic
- screen tests only to diagnosis and only treat medically
24
Q
signs of hyperadrenocorticism
A
polyphagia
hepatomegaly
alopecia
weight gain
24
adrenal medulla
epinephrine and norepinephrine
fight or flight - sympathetic nervous system
25
pancreas endocrine functions
- produce glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin
26
pancreas exocrine functions
digestive enzymes
27
insulin
lowers blood glucose
28
glucagon
raises blood glucose
29
testosterone
male functions from testes
30
estrogen and progesterone
controlled by FSH and LH from ovaries; prep for breeding and pregnancy and pregnancy maintenance
31
kidneys
EPO; RBC production
32
hyperthyroidism
increases cardiac output
T4 very elevated
affects kidney filtration
eating more and losing weight
33
diabetes
polyuria
high blood glucose
eating and drinking more but losing weight
34
antidiuretic hormone
hydration
35
T/F sympathetic nerve stimulation inhibits digestion
true
36
pampiniform plexus
made up of veins
37
master endocrine gland
pituitary
38
3 methods of controlling hormone secretion
direct nervous system stimulation
negative feedback
positive feedback
