lecture exam 3 (digestive, urinary/repro)

Question 1

digestion

Answer 1

breakdown of molecules to a size that can enter the body

Question 2

mechanical digestion

Answer 2

change in size; GI tract movements

Question 3

chemical digestion

Answer 3

change in structure; chemical reactions

Question 4

4 tissue layers in oral cavity

Answer 4

mucosa
submucosa
muscle layers
serosa

Question 5

oral cavity

Answer 5

entrance to GI tract
prehension and mastication
- lips (philtrum)
- tongue
- hard and soft palate

Question 6

tongue

Answer 6

• grooming, moving food
• taste, pain, temp, touch, thermoregulation

Question 7

salivary glands

Answer 7

• lubrication, antibacterial action, pH regulation, thermoregulation, enzymatic digestion

Question 8

pharynx

Answer 8

swallowing

Question 9

epiglottis

Answer 9

protection

Question 10

esophagus

Answer 10

• connects pharynx and stomach
• folded mucosa = expansion
• swallowing
• dorsal, left to trachea

Question 11

peristalsis

Answer 11

• begins in esophageal stage of swallowing
• propels food

Question 12

segmentation

Answer 12

mixes food

Question 13

abdominal cavity

Answer 13

consists of peritoneum, mesentery, and omentum

Question 14

stomach

Answer 14

• storage
• chemical and mechanical digestion
• intrinsic factor for vitamin B12
• controlled release of chyme into intestine

Question 15

gastro

Answer 15

stomach

Question 16

ruminants

Answer 16

cows
sheeps
goat

Question 17

monogastric

Answer 17

dogs
cats
horses

Question 18

small intestine

Answer 18

duodenum - first
jejunum - longest
ileum - last (lymphoid tissue)
*digestion and absorption
*plications and villi

Question 19

entero

Answer 19

intestine

Question 20

pancreas

Answer 20

endocrine: hormones into blood stream
exocrine: enzymes and bicarbonate through duct to duodenum

Question 21

liver

Answer 21

*not to do with digestion
- secrete substances essential for digestion/absorption of nutrients
- synthesizes nutrients and regulates their release into the bloodstream
- excrete toxic substances
- produces plasma proteins, cholesterol, and blood coagulation

Question 22

bile

Answer 22

• lipid digestion and waste excretion
• stored in gall bladder
• enterohepatic circulation

Question 23

large intestine (consist of)

Answer 23

• cecum
• colon (ascending, transverse, descending)
• rectum
• anus

Question 24

large instestine (motility)

Answer 24

• slow motility: segmentation, peristalsis, antipenstalsis, mass movement

Question 25

mixing ___ contact time with absorptive surface area

Answer 25

increases

Question 26

large intestine functions

Answer 26

- absorption of water and ions - completion of carbohydrate or protein microbial digestion and absorption

Question 27

rectum

Answer 27

- chyme passes through large intestine - sensory receptors stimulated when feces are transported to rectum

Question 28

urinary system

Answer 28

- remove metabolic wastes (filter blood) - maintenance of homeostasis (fluids, blood pressure, RBC production) - storage and elimination

Question 29

renal

Answer 29

kidney

Question 30

nephro

Answer 30

kidney/nephron

Question 31

uretero

Answer 31

ureter

Question 32

cysto

Answer 32

badder

Question 33

urethro

Answer 33

urethra

Question 34

uro

Answer 34

urine

Question 35

kidneys

Answer 35

dorsal abdominal area on either side of first few lumbar vertebra (right kidney more cranial than left)

Question 36

retroperitoneal

Answer 36

kidneys location to the abdominal cavity surrounded by layer of perineal fat

Question 37

kidney functions

Answer 37

- production of urine (elimination of metabolic wastes) - homeostasis

Question 38

waste elimination

Answer 38

blood filtration, reabsorption back into blood stream, secretion into nephron tubules

Question 39

homeostasis (5)

Answer 39

- blood filtration, reabsorption, secretion - fluid balance regulation (urine volume) - acid base balance regulation (blood pH) - production of hormones - blood pressure regulation

Question 40

ureters

Answer 40

tubes that exit the kidney and then connect to urinary bladder - move urine from kidneys to bladder via peristalsis

Question 41

urinary bladder

Answer 41

collect, store, and release urine

Question 42

urethra

Answer 42

carries urine from bladder to environment

Question 43

female urethra

Answer 43

shorter, straighter, opens on floor of vestibule; carries urine only

Question 44

male urethra

Answer 44

longer, curved, along ventral aspect of penis (through os penis); carries urine and semen; ejaculation

Question 45

male repro

Answer 45

- spermatogenesis - delivery - hormone production

Question 46

orchido

Answer 46

testis

Question 47

spermato

Answer 47

sperm

Question 48

scrotum

Answer 48

- regulate testicle temp - cremaster muscle

Question 49

testicles not in scrotum pass through

Answer 49

inguinal canal; retained

Question 50

testes

Answer 50

sperm and hormone production

Question 51

epididymus

Answer 51

storage and maturation site for spermatozoa

Question 52

vas deferens

Answer 52

- connects epididymus to urethra - propels sperm and fluid

Question 53

spermatic cord

Answer 53

- links testes with rest of body - heat exchange mechanism - contains testicular artery and vein, vas deferens, testicular nerve, lymphatics

Question 54

accessory repro glands

Answer 54

produce alkaline fluid to counteract acidity of female repro tract

Question 55

female repro

Answer 55

- oogensis - delivery - hormone production - gestation and parturition

Question 56

ovario

Answer 56

ovary

Question 57

hystero

Answer 57

uterus

Question 58

masto

Answer 58

breast

Question 59

ovaries

Answer 59

oogenesis and hormone production

Question 60

oviducts

Answer 60

guide ova from ovary to uterus -fertilization site

Question 61

uterus

Answer 61

gestation and parturition

Question 62

cervix

Answer 62

smooth muscle between body of uterus and vagina; controls access to uterus

Question 63

vagina

Answer 63

muscular tube that receives penis and semen during breeding

Question 64

vulva

Answer 64

entrance to vagina - urethra opening

Question 65

mammary glands

Answer 65

one wholes side = mammary chain - provides nutrition to newborns