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Comparative Anatomy 408 > Lecture Exam 4: Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4: Nervous System Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

What is the new name for Node of Ranvier?

A

Myelin sheath gaps

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2
Q

What do sensory (receptor or afferent) neurons do?

A

Acts as receptors of stimuli
OR
Activated by receptors which they are connected to

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3
Q

What are motor (efferent or effector) neurons?

A

Send information processed in the CNS or PNS via a signal to the body’s effectors

This causes them to respond by contracting, and glands secreting

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4
Q

What are interneuron’s or associative neurons?

A

Neither sensory nor motor, they connect neurons with other neurons

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of neurons- nerve cells?

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of a multipolar nerve cell?

A

1 or more dendritic branches from all parts of the cell body

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of a Bipolar nerve cell?

A

2 processes from cell soma

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of a Unipolar nerve cell?

A

No dendrites arising directly from cells soma

1 primary process that gives rise to several branches

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9
Q

What do the neuroglial cells (nerve glue) do?

A

Support
Nourish
Insulate Neurons

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10
Q

How many neuroglial cells are there in the nervous system?

A

4

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11
Q

How many neuroglial cells are there in the peripheral system?

A

2

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12
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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14
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

Wraps around capillaries, creates blood/brain barrier

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15
Q

What are microglial cells?

A

White blood cells of NCS, takes away bad things; phagocytes

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16
Q

What are ependymal cells?

A

Be within choroid plexus, help secrete spinal fluid

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17
Q

What is oligodendrocytes?

A

Myelination

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18
Q

What are satellite cells?

A

Wraps around cell body

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19
Q

What is schwann?

A

A myelinated neuron

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20
Q

What does somatic imply?

A

Voluntary

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21
Q

What is an example of somatic nervous system?

A

Skeletal system

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22
Q

What does autonomic imply?

A

Automatic

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23
Q

What is sympathetic?

A

Fight or flight

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24
Q

What is parasympathetic?

A

Rest and digest

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25
Tail musculature:
Spinal cord extends to caudal end of vertebral column
26
No tail musculature:
Spinal cord extends to lumbar region of vertebral column (Cauda Equina)
27
No tail =
Spinal cord stops between L1 and L2 Lumbar vertebrae 1 & 2
28
What is the Filum terminale?
Non neural structure that anchors the spinal cord
29
What is foramen magnum of skull?
30
What is grey matter in the spinal cord?
Nerve cell bodies
31
What are the 2 different fiber tracts of the spinal cord?
Ascending and Descending
32
What is white matter in the spinal cord?
Nerve axons
33
What is ganglion?
Group of cell bodies
33
What is the ascending (afferent) fiber tract responsible for?
Sensory
34
What is the descending (efferent) fiber tract responsible for?
Motor
35
What are the 2 roots from the spinal cord?
Dorsal roots Ventral roots
36
What are dorsal roots?
Has ganglion (sensory)
37
What are ventral roots?
No ganglion (moto)
38
Dorsal and ventral roots did not unite in what animals?
Early vertebrates
39
What is the Prosencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?
Smell Found in forebrain
40
What is part of the diencephalon?
Epithalamus Thalamus Hypothalamus
40
What is part of the telencephalon?
Cerebrum
40
What are the divisions of prosencephalon?
Telencephalon (cerebrum) Diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus)
41
What is the Mesencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?
Vision Midbrain
42
What are the subdivisions of the mesencephalon?
No further subdivisions
43
What is the Rhombencephalon responsible for? Where is it found?
Hearing Hindbrain
44
What are the subdivisions of Rhombencephalon?
Metencephalon (pons, cerebellum) Myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
45
What makes up the metencephalon?
Pons Cerebellum
46
What makes up the myelencephalon?
Medulla oblongata
47
What parts are included in the forebrain-Diencephalon
Hypothalamus Thalamus Optic chiasma Pituitary Gland Epithalamus
48
What is the hypothalamus?
Controls body temp Sexual and emotional behavior Water balance Blood pressure (Autonomic Nervous System)
49
What is the thalamus?
Relay center for sensory impulses from body
50
What is the optic chiasma?
Where two optic nerves cross
51
What is the pituitary gland
"The master gland"
52
What is the epithalamus?
Pineal Gland
53
What is the Epithalamus/pineal gland responsible for in lower vertebrates?
Skin pigmentation; acts on melanocytes; gives skin pigmentation in lower vertebrates
54
What is the Epithalamus/pineal gland responsible for in higher vertebrates?
Biological rhythm regulation -Allows you to know when its time to sleep and get up -releases melatonin
55
What parts are included in the midbrain?
Tectum (dorsal part) Tegmentum (ventral part) Myelencephalon Metencephalon
56
What makes up the tegmentum?
Optic lobes Auditory lobes
57
What is cranial nerve I? Type? Function?
Olfactory Sensory Smell
58
What is cranial nerve II? Type? Function?
Optic Sensory Vision
59
What is cranial nerve III? Type? Function?
Oculomotor Motor Most eye movements
60
What is cranial nerve IV? Type? Function?
Trochlear Motor Moves eyes
61
What is cranial nerve V? Type? Function?
Trigeminal Both Face sensation, mastication
62
What is cranial nerve VI? Type? Function?
Abducens Motor Abducts the eye
63
What is cranial nerve VII? Type? Function?
Facial Both Facial expression, taste
64
What is cranial nerve VIII? Type? Function?
Vestibulocochlear Sensory Hearing Balance
65
What is cranial nerve IX? Type? Function?
Glossopharyngeal Both Taste, gag reflex
66
What is cranial nerve X? Type? Function?
Vagus Both Gag reflux, parasympathetic innervation
67
What is cranial nerve XI? Type? Function?
Accessory Motor Shoulder shrug
68
What is cranial nerve XII? Type? Function?
Hypoglossal Motor Swallowing, speech
69
What does the telencephalon turn into?
Cerebrum
70
What parts make up the diencephalon?
Epithalamus Hypothalamus Thalamus
70
What part is the mesencephalon from?
Midbrain
70
From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the forebrain?
Basal ganglia Cerebral cortex Olfactory bulb Thalamus Hypothalamus
71
From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the midbrain?
Tectum Tegmentum
71
From the basic plan of the brain, what structures are included in the Hindbrain?
Cerebellum Pons Medulla
71
How many hemispheres does the cerebrum have?
2
72
What does the cerebrum deal with?
Higher thought
73
What are the 2 regions of the telencephalon?
Dorsal Pallium Sub Pallium
74
What is the dorsal pallium made of?
Medial Dorsal Lateral divisions
75
What does the medial pallium become?
Hippocampus
75
What does the hippocampus deal with?
Memory
76
What does the dorsal pallium become?
Neocortex
76
Which animals have a very large neocortex?
Humans
77
What does the lateral pallium become?
Amygdala
78
What does the amygdala and hippocampus have to deal with?
Memory
79
Where is basal ganglia found?
Sub pallium
80
What increases in size in higher vertebrates?
Cerebrum; there is higher thought
81
What gets smaller with higher vertebrates?
Olfactory
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Comparative Anatomy 408 (10 decks)

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