Flashcards in lecture notes quiz 2 Deck (88)
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1
endochondral ossification
preformed in hyaline cartilage model
1. blood vessels grow around edges of cartilage
2. cells of PERICHONDRIUM convert to osteoblasts
3. shaft of cartilage is ensheathed in layer of bone
4. vessels penetrate cartilage
5. osteoblasts produce bone at primary ossification center
6. bone formation spreads
7. remodeling occurs as growth continues
8. capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into epiphyses to create secondary ossification centers
2
what give bones their distinct shapes in endochondral ossification
numerous secondary ossification centers
3
diaphysis and epiphysis in endochondral ossification
epiphysis filled with spongy bone
epiphysis side creates cartilage
diaphysis side creates bone when osteoblasts invade and replace cartilage with bone
4
characteristics of bone
highly metabolic tissue
consumes oxygen
capable of repair
constantly being remodeled
5
bone as a mineral bank
calcium and phosphorus used for metabolic processes are mobilized from bone
6
markings on bone
every mark has a reason--something either pulling or pushing on bone to create mark
7
arteries and veins of bones
epiphyseal artery and vein
metaphyseal artery and vein
diaphysis: nutrient artery and vein, and periosteal arteries and veins
8
what causes pain when injury to bone
nerve supply to periosteum
9
long bone
humerus and femur
10
short bone
carpus and tarsus
11
flat bone
skull
12
irregular bone
vertebrae
13
sesamoid bone
patella
bones formed within a tendon to allow ease of motion
14
wormian bone
bone found in sutures of the skull
15
divisions of the skeleton
appendicular and axial skeleton
16
appendicular skeleton
upper limbs
lower limbs
limb girdles
17
axial skeleton
skull and associated bones (auditory ossicles, and hyoid)
vertebral column
thoracic cage
18
hyoid
only bone that has no articulation with other bone (not connected to a joint)
19
neurocranium
part of skull housing brain
20
splanchcranium
part of the skull associated with the face
21
cervical vertebrae
7 but 8 cervical nerves
transverse foramina
22
thoracic vertebrae
12
articulations for ribs
giraffe
23
lumbar vertebrae
5
largest bodies
pointed transverse processes
moose
24
sacral and coccygeal
5 sacral (fused) and 3-5 coccygeal (fused)
intervertebral foramina for nerves to exit
25
features of typical vertebrae
vertebral arch formed by pedicles and lamina
thick supporting body
inferior and superior articular processes
transverse process
spinous process
inferior and superior articular facet where adjacent vertebrae connect (covered in hyaline cartilage)
26
where do spinal nerves exit
intervertebral foramen
27
atlas
C1
yes vertebrae
carries weight of skull
no body
transverse foramen
transverse ligament that attaches it to dens on C2
28
axis
C2
no vertebrae
small vertebral body with dens sticking up where transverse ligament holds it to C1
29
thoracic cage
sternum and ribs
30
