Lecture Slides - Heredity and Neurological Changes

Question 1

Pros and cons of talent searches?

Answer 1

Pros: breeding for excellence
Cons: are you bringing in one type of people and leaving out others?

Question 2

3 primary functions of the nervous system?

Answer 2

sensory function, integrative function, motor function

Question 3

2 major parts of the nervous system?

Answer 3

CNS (brain/spinal cord) and PNS (afferent/ efferent nerve fibres)

Question 4

______ = coordination and autonomic movement

Answer 4

pons

Question 5

____= vital internal processes

Answer 5

medulla

Question 6

____ = reflex movements caused by auditory and visual stimuli

Answer 6

midbrain

Question 7

____ = integration center

Answer 7

thalamus

Question 8

_____ = control of internal temperatures (neural and hormonal functions)

Answer 8

hypothalamus

Question 9

what part of the brain plays an important role in planning and coordinating movements?

Answer 9

basal ganglia

Question 10

The _____ functions to determine the coordinated sequence of muscle contractions during movements

Answer 10

cerebellum

Question 11

PNS is divided into ___ and _____. What do the subdivisions each regulate?

Answer 11

Somatic = voluntary (skeletal muscles)
Autonomic = involuntary (heart, lungs, liver..)

Question 12

6 sequences of CNS development?

Answer 12

1. cell proliferation (completed by birth)
2. migration
3. integration
4. differentiation (wire)
5. myelination
6. cell death

Question 13

____ occurs in the first few years, overproduction of neural connections or synapses in the brain occurs

Answer 13

blooming

Question 14

____ is when connections that are weak are pruned away; if the neurons are used, they become integrated into the circuitry of the brain

Answer 14

pruning

Question 15

At ___ months old, we are able to distinguish several hundred different spoken sounds, more than necessary actually

Answer 15

3

Question 16

How does the brain organize itself with regard to hearing sounds?

Answer 16

so that it only recognizes those spoken sounds that are part of the language regularly heard

Question 17

During what stage of childhood does the brain retain the ability to detect and re-learn old and new sounds?

Answer 17

early childhood

Question 18

At what age does the window for learning sounds close?

Answer 18

late childhood around approximately 10 years old

Question 19

Windows of opportunity for gross and fine motor development?

Answer 19

gross = pre-5yrs
fine = 0-9yrs

Question 20

window of opportunity for vision?

Answer 20

0-2

Question 21

window of opportunity for math logic?

Answer 21

1-4

Question 22

window of opportunity for vocabulary?

Answer 22

0-4

Question 23

window of opportunity for music?

Answer 23

3-10

Question 24

window of opportunity for second language?

Answer 24

1-10

Question 25

In adolescent brain development, decreases in gray matter in prefrontal regions of the brain are reflective of?

Answer 25

-reflective of synaptic pruning

Question 26

_____ - the period during which major improvements in basic cognitive abilities and logical reasoning are seen, in part due to these very anatomical changes

Answer 26

pre-early/adolescence

Question 27

Substantial changes in the density and distribution of ___ receptors in pathways that connect the limbic system are seen during adolescent brain development

Answer 27

dopamine

Question 28

when does myelination start to occur?

Answer 28

during adolescent development and continues well into late adolescence and early adulthood

Question 29

During adolescent brain development, where is there an increase in the strength of connections?

Answer 29

between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system

Question 30

The connections between the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system strengthen during adolescent brain development, what is this anatomical change especially important?

Answer 30

especially important for emotion regulation

Question 31

The middle adolescent brain stem is still immature in the systems important for self-regulation. What does this mean?

Answer 31

behaviours seen among this age category are more risky and reckless

Question 32

Adolescents mature ____ before they mature _____ or ____

Answer 32

intellectually; socially or emotionally

Question 33

When does the corpus callosum link between hemispheres become advanced?

Answer 33

fairly advanced by age 5, but continues to develop until approx. 10 years