Lecture Slides - Motor Behaviour in Early Childhood Flashcards
(50 cards)
What are the three fundamental movement skills?
Locomotor
Manipulative
Non-locomotor
A ____ ____ is the basic functional structure of a FMS.
motor pattern
“movements that transport an individual from one place to another; walking, running, skipping”
locomotor
“axial movements, movements of balance, executed with minimal or no movement of base of support; bending, twisting, swaying”
nonlocomotor
“includes fine motor manual movements and gross motor skills that involve control of objects using hands and feet; throwing, catching, kicking, striking”
manipulative
Movement pattern execution: immature (initial) is - years of age, elementary skill at - years, and mature at - years. However, what is key?
2-3, 4-5, 6-7
Skill is key, rather than just age.
____ ____ movement patterns: mature movements adapted to special requirements
sport skill
Stodden (2008) proposed that what is at the heart of a developmental model that might explain participation in physical activity?
motor competence, not just perceptions of motor competence
Why do younger children tend to have inflated perceptions of their motor competence?
They do not possess the cognitive skills to distinguish between actual competence and effort
Perceptions of physical competence is associated with what four things?
- Physical Activity
- Organized Sport
- Skill Specific PA
- Time spent in MVPA
Poor motor skills are associated with ____ perceptions of physical competence.
lower
Only __% of boys and __% of girls meet the Canada PA Guidelines of 60-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA on at least 6 days of the week.
9 ; 4
4 components of forming self-perceptions?
- Peer comparison - how children perceive themselves in relation to peers (changes from early to late childhood)
- Feedback from significant adults - what is said to the child about what they do
- Role Modeling of significant adults
- Actual competence
Formation of self-perception using peer comparison in early vs middle - late childhood?
Early - not consistently used, mostly use it for personal mastery (ie. learn how to)
Middle to late - peer comparison is the PRIMARY SOURCE
Feedback and its influence on formation of self perception in early vs middle to late childhood?
Early - feedback from significant adults, and personal effort are important
Middle/late - evaluative feedback (eg. coach, spectators, peers, parents) and internal information (effort, skill improvement, ease/speed of learning) are both important
What age range does not take feedback at face value? What does this mean?
Middle to late childhood (7-12)
This means they integrate it with other sources (ie. outcome)
Does gender influence PA levels and gross motor competence?
Yes!! Both.
Difference between boys and girls when it comes to PA levels and gross motor skill competence?
boys are more active, more vigorous, and have more developed object control skills. Locomotor skills are mixed (generally lower in males).
In the study that examined relationships between motor skills and perceptions of competence, what 4 points did they find?
- motor skills quite low
- perceptions positive
- gender based differences in motor skills and perceptions
- associations low, but higher than expected
The study found that associations were low, but higher than expected, what does this suggest?
emerging awareness of competence
Only __% of children are meeting the current physical activity guidelines. In early childhood, only __% are involved in MVPA and > __% are sedentary.
7 ; 3 ; 80
There are multiple factors said to influence PA in early childhood, two of which are?
Fundamental movement skills and physical competence
Enhanced Opportunities for Success: ____ ____ drives FMS, increased PA offers opportunities to promote ____ _____
physical activity; neuromotor development
FMS development begins at age __ and consists of what three skills?
3 years old
- Locomotor (running/jumping)
- Object Control (throwing/kicking)
- Nonlocomotor (bending, twisting)
