Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology II > Lecture: Urinary, Kidney, Electrolyte/Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Lecture: Urinary, Kidney, Electrolyte/Acid Base Balance Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where is the urinary system derived from?

A

Mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are the kidneys located in infants and then adulthood?

A

Pelvis and then moves to the abdomen (retro peritoneum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function unit of kidney

A

Nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Senses sodium passing in distal convoluted tube

A

Macula densa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells that make the enzyme renin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Avg force of pushing water and soluters out of the blood and across the filtration membrane. HP gc (OUTWARD PRESSURE)

A

55-60 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glomerulus is made with what kind of endothelium for filtration membrane permeability?

A

Fenestrated endothelium (only fits 3 nm or smaller molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a hormone secreted by the kidneys that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues. Controls blood pressure with renin

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Account for 85% of kidneys nephrons

A

Cortical nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

play an important role in kidney’s ability to produce concentrated urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glomerulus produces the ___________

A

filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta _________ most of the ___________

A

reclaims; filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Region where most distal portion of ascending limb of the nephron loops lies against the afferent arteriole feeding the glomerulus.

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are macula dense cells found?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are JG cells found?

A

Arteriole wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

No urination/kidney stops functioning

A

Anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Urinating less than 50 ml/ day

A

Oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normal urination per day

A

1-2 L or 1,000-2,000 ml per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the kidneys MAP

A

93 mmHg. Less than 80 will not be able to filter properly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The 3 steps in the kidney

A
  1. Filtration
  2. Reabsorption
  3. Secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Take place in the renal corpuscle and produces a cell- and protein-free filtrate,

A

Step 1. Filtration
(dumping into the waste container)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The process of selectively moving substances from filtrate back into the blood. Takes place in renal tubules and collecting ducts.

A
  1. Reabsorption: glucose, amino acids, water, salt..
    (reclaiming what the body needs to keep)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Process of selectively moving substances from the blood into the filtrate

A
  1. Secretion:
    (selectively adding back to the waste container)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How much plasma is filtered through glomeruli per minute?

A

120-125 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
About _____ ml of blood passes through gomeruli per min, about ______ ml is plasma
1200 ml; 650 ml
26
A passive process in which hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through a membrane
Glomerular filtration
27
The pressure exerted by proteins in the blood
Colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular capillaries OP gc
28
What is the avg colloid osmotic pressure in glomerular cappilaries? OP gc (protein trying to bring back filtrate into the glomerulus) INWARD PRESSURE
30 mmHg
29
What is the hydrostatic pressure in the capsular space? HP cs (pressure exerted by fitrate in the glomerular capsule) INWARD PRESSURE
15 mmHg
30
How is net filtration pressure found?
(HP gc) - (OP cs + HP cs) = NFP ex: 55 mmHg - (30 mmhg + 15 mmHg) = 10 mmHg`
31
Intrinsic Regulation of Glomerular Filtration
Renal autoregulation: Myogenic Mechanism Tubuloglomerular Feedback Mechanism
32
In vascular smooth muscle, when afferent arteriole is stretched (pressure rises) it will contract to regulate GFR and when it doesn't stretch (pressure drops) the muscle relaxes
Intrinsic: Myogenic Regulation
33
Directed by macula dense cells of Juxtaglomerular complex
Intrinsic: Tubuloglomerular Feedback Regulation
34
When GFR increases, there is not enough time for reabsorption and the concentration of filtrate remains high. Macula densa sense high levels of NaCl and...
Release vasoconstrictor chemicals to constrict afferent arteriole, reducing blood flow into glomerulus.
35
What happens when LOW FILTRATE FLOW and NaCl concentration is detected to be low in ascending loops’ macula densa cells?
Tubuloglomerular regulation senses signals to DILATE afferent arteriole to INCREASE GFR, then RENIN is released by JG cells to raise BP
36
Angiotensin II causes what
-Decrease efferent arteriole diameter (constricts) -Decrease bloow flow out of glomerulus -Increase HPgc -Increase GFR
36
Angiotensin II causes what
-Decrease efferent arteriole diameter (constricts) -Decrease bloow flow out of glomerulus -Increase HPgc -Increase GFR
37
a corticosteroid hormone which stimulates Na+ absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance which then increases BP
Aldosterone
38
Once MAP drops below 80 mmHg kidneys, what kind of regulation takes over?
Extrinsic regulation; RAA or sympathetic
39
Effects of macula densa releasing vasoconstrictor:
-GFR decreases -Tubular filtrate flow slows -Reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions increase bc they have more time
40
Effects of macula densa releasing vasoconstrictor:
-GFR decreases -Tubular filtrate flow slows -Reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions increase bc they have more time
41
What does the macula densa do?
Monitors filtrate concentration autoregulates itself
42
What are the extrinsic controls for regulation?
Neural (sympathetic nervous system) Hormonal (RAA system)
43
When blood pressure falls, sympathetic nerve fibers release _____ to cause vascular smooth muscles to constrict, increasing peripheral resistance and bringing blood pressure back to normal
Norepinephrine + Epinephrine (released by adrenal gland)`
44
Are baroreceptors a part of intrinsic or extrinsic renal regulation?
Extrinsic sympathetic nervous system controls
45
3 pathways to stimulate granular cells to release renin
1. Symp. nervous system barocreceptors to release renin 2. Activated macula densa cells 3. Mechanoreceptors detect stretch (v MAP, more renin)
46
The slower the GFR the _______ the concentration of filtrate
Lower the concentration of filtrate
47
The faster the GFR the ________ the concentration of filtrate
Higher concentration of filtrate (less time to filter reabsorb)
48
Permeable to water, not salt Water leaves the tubule + becomes more concentrated
Descending loop of henle
49
Impermeable to water, pumps out salt to space around tubule Na+, Cl-, K+
Ascending loop of henle
50
If theres an increase is ADH, what happens to the collecting duct
Higher permeability to water: Then higher concentration of urine: Then volume of urine decrease: Then increase bld. vol. + pressure
51
If theres a decrease is ADH, what happens to the collecting duct
Lower permeability to water: More dilute urine: Then vol. urine increases: Then bld. vol. + bld. pressure decreases
52
Too high of Potassium
Hyperkalemia
53
Where does ADH come from?
Posterior pituitary gland
54
Freely filtered in glomerulus; not reabsorbed or secreted
Inulin
55
Clearance=
C=ml/min
56
Clearance of Inulin
Ci=125ml/min (normal GFR filtration)
57
Normal volume of urine per day
1-2 L/day
58
insufficient aldosterone production. A disorder in which the adrenal glands don't produce enough hormones.
Addison's Disease
59
% of H20 in body
60%
60
Intracellular fluid % in body
40%
61
Extracellular fluid % in body
20% IF + PLASMA
62
Most important IF cation
Na+
63
Most important ICF cation
K+
64
Normal H2O intake
2500 ml/day
65
Where does Renin come from?
Medulla triggers Renin to come from kidneys
66
Hormone that increases salt and water intake
Angiotensin 1
67
MAP=
Diastolic - (PP / 3)
68
A condition involving abnormally high levels of waste products in the blood.
Uremia
69
Tx of uermia
Hemodialysis (mechanically filters blood)
70
Urinating too frequently at night
Nocturia
71
Senses ECF osmolality
Osmolality
72
Post pit gland produces...
ADH and thirst mechanisms
73
Passing abnormally large amounts of urine.
Polyuria
74
Increased neuromuscular excitability
Hypercalcemia
75
Decreased neuromuscular excitability
Hypocalcemia
76
Hypokalemia
Muscle twitches, weakness
77
Hyperkalemia
Heart palpitation, metabolic acidosis
78
How much plasma is filtered per day
200 L /day
79
How much blood is filtered per min
1.25 L/min
80
_____ L is reabsorbed into circulation, _____ L is secreted back to eliminate as urine
197 L, 3L

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions