Lecture Week 2

Question 1

What are the four organic molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Question 2

Molecules are either organic or inorangic?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the three main groups of Carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

Question 4

What are the two kinds of Monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Pentose and Hexose

Question 5

How are monosaccharides classified?

Answer 5

By how many carbons they have

Question 6

What are two pentose sugars?

Answer 6

Deoxyribose and Ribose

Question 7

What are the three hexose sugars?

Answer 7

Glucose, Galactose, Fructose

Question 8

What is the primary nutrient of which we get energy?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

What are the three disaccharides?

Answer 9

Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose

Question 10

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 10

Two monosaccharides linked together

Question 11

What is sucrose?

Answer 11

Glucose + fructose

Question 12

What is lactose?

Answer 12

Glucose + galactose

Question 13

What is maltose?

Answer 13

Glucose + glucose

Question 14

What are the three polysaccharides?

Answer 14

Cellulose, starch, glycogen

Question 15

What do Lipids not do?

Answer 15

Dissolve in water
Ex. oil

Question 16

What are the four main categories of lipids?

Answer 16

Fatty acids, glycerides, phospholipids, steroids

Question 17

What are the three kinds of fatty acids?

Answer 17

Saturated, Unsaturated, Polyunsaturated

Question 18

What do saturated fatty acids mean?

Answer 18

No double bonds

Question 19

What do unsaturated fatty acids mean?

Answer 19

One or more double bonds

Question 20

What do polyunsaturated fatty acids mean?

Answer 20

Numerous double bonds

Question 21

What are proteins?

Answer 21

Most functionally diverse group of organic chemicals, consist of subunits called amino acids

Question 22

What are examples of proteins?

Answer 22

Hormones, antibodies, transport protein (carry oxygen to body)

Question 23

What are two amino acids called?

Answer 23

Dipeptide

Question 24

What is a short chain of amino acids called?

Answer 24

Peptide

Question 25

What is a longer chain of amino acids called?

Answer 25

Polypeptide

Question 26

What is 100+ amino acids called?

Answer 26

Protein

Question 27

Acid group + amino group =

Answer 27

Peptide bond

Question 28

What is the function of glycerides?

Answer 28

Long term energy storage and insulation

Question 29

What are glycerides?

Answer 29

Have fatty acids attached to a molecule called glycerol

Question 30

What are the types of glycerides?

Answer 30

Triglycerides, Diglycerides, Monoglycerides

Question 31

What is a triglyceride?

Answer 31

3 fatty acids attached to glycerol

Question 32

Triglycerides frozen at room temp are?

Answer 32

Fats

Question 33

Triglycerides liquid at room temp are?

Answer 33

Oils

Question 34

what is a diglyceride?

Answer 34

2 fatty acids attached to glycerol

Question 35

what is a monoglyceride?

Answer 35

1 fatty acid attached to glycerol

Question 36

what are phospholipids?

Answer 36

Type of molecule that forms the plasma membrane and membranous cell structure

Question 37

What are the components of a phospholipid?

Answer 37

Diglyceride and phosphate group

Question 38

What are the regions of phospholipid?

Answer 38

Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic

Question 39

Hydrophilic?

Answer 39

Polar "head", gets along with water

Question 40

Hydrophobic?

Answer 40

Nonpolar "tails", does not get along with water

Question 41

How to define steroid?

Answer 41

Have a backbone that consists of four carbon rings with functional groups attached

Question 42

What are the levels of Protein structure?

Answer 42

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

Question 43

What is the primary level of protein structure?

Answer 43

Sequence of amino acids

Question 44

What is the secondary level of protein structure?

Answer 44

H-bonding between amino acids, two types

Question 45

What are the two types of secondary level of protein structure?

Answer 45

Alpha helix, beta pleated sheet

Question 46

What is the tertiary level of protein structure?

Answer 46

H-bonding and covalent bonding between amino acids produces a 3D arrangement of the secondary structures

Question 47

What is the quaternary level of protein structure?

Answer 47

Two or more polypeptides connect, shapes

Question 48

What are the shapes of the quaternary level of protein structure?

Answer 48

Fibrous (long, thread-like), Globular (rounded/oval)

Question 49

What do enzymes do as far as activation energy for chemical reactions?

Answer 49

Enzymes DECREASE activation energy requirements for chemical reactions

Question 50

How do enzymes decrease activation requirements?

Answer 50

-Catabolic reactions (stressing chemical bonds so they break) -Anabolic reactions (position substrates so that chemical bonds are likely to form)

Question 51

What are the characteristics of an enzyme?

Answer 51

Names typically end in -ase Each can catalyze only one type of reaction Are reusable Each has optimal temp and pH

Question 52

What are Nucleic Acids?

Answer 52

Acidic molecules most abundant in cell nucleus

Question 53

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

Answer 53

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Question 54

What is Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

Answer 54

Hereditary material that stores instructions for the production of protein and RNA molecules that are responsible for our inherited traits

Question 55

What is Ribonucleic Acid?

Answer 55

Molecules that change genetic instructions into physical characteristics (gene expression)

Question 56

What are nucleic acids formed from?

Answer 56

Smaller subunits called nucleotides

Question 57

What are the characteristics of RNA and DNA?

Answer 57

RNA is a single chain of nucleotides, DNA has two nucleotide chains that are twisted to form a double helix

Question 58

Nucleotide Components?

Answer 58

Phosphate group, Sugar, nitrogenous base