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Physiology Exam 3 > Lectures 15, 16 > Flashcards

Lectures 15, 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anterior lobe also known as

A

Adenohypophysis

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2
Q

Posterior lobe also known as

A

Neurohypophysis

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3
Q

Which lobe contains neurons descending from hypothalamus?

A

Posterior

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4
Q

Which lobe secretes hormones synthesized in hypothalamus that are then carried to veins?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

What lobe is regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones?

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Where are hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting hormones released from?

A

Terminal axons at the median eminence

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7
Q

Hypothalamic hormones are delivered directly to ___________ in high concentrations

A

Anterior pituitary

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8
Q

Hypothalamic hormones generally don’t

A

Appear in systemic circulation

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9
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormones stimulates

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin

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10
Q

Gonadotropin realeasing hormone stimulates

A

LH and FSH

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11
Q

Corticotropin releasing hormone stimulates

A

Adrenocorticotropin

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12
Q

Somatostatin inhibits

A

GH and prolactin

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13
Q

Prolactin-releasing factor stimulates

A

Prolactin

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14
Q

Dopamine inhibits and stimulates

A

Inhibits Prolactin, ACTH, and stimulates GH

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15
Q

What is the primary inhibitor of prolactin?

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

TSH target

A

Thyroid glands

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17
Q

LH target

A

Gonads

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18
Q

ACTH target

A

Adrenal gland

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19
Q

GH target

A

All tissues

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20
Q

Prolactin target

A

Mammary glands and gonads

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21
Q

FSH target

A

Gonads

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22
Q

Thyrotroph stimulators

A

TRH from hypothalamus
Decreases in T3, T4

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23
Q

Thyrotroph inhibitors

A

Dopamine
Somatostatin
Increases in T3, T4

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24
Q

Corticotroph stimulators

A

CRH
Decrease in cortisol
ADH
Stress

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25
Corticotroph inhibitors
Increase in cortisol ACTH Somatostatin Dopamine
26
Gonadotroph stimulators
GnRH Activin Pheromones
27
Gonadotroph inhibitors
Testosterone Estrogen Inhibin Melatonin
28
Lactotroph stimulators
TRH Estrogen Suckling Prolactin releasing factor
29
Lactotroph inhibitors
Dopamine Somatostatin Prolactin
30
Decreased glucose will stimulate or inhibit GH
Stimulate
31
Decreased FFA will stimulate or inhibit GH
Stimulate
32
Increased AA will stimulate or inhibit GH
Stimulate
33
Somatostatin will stimulate or inhibit GH
Inhibit
34
Increased glucose and FFA will stimulate or inhibit GH
Inhibit
35
Hypoglycemia/fasting/starving will stimulate or inhibit GH
Stimulate
36
Obesity will stimulate or inhibit GH
Inhibit
37
Somatomedins will stimulate or inhibit GH
Inhibit
38
Direct anabolic effects of GH
Increased Ca absorption from gut, increased P absorption from liver, increased protein synthesis in liver
39
Indirect anabolic effects of GH
Increased lean muscle mass, linear bone growth, organ size/function
40
IGF-1 is
Somatomedin C
41
IGF-2 is
Somatomedin A
42
Direct catabolic effects of GH
Increased gluconeogenesis in liver to maintain blood glucose in normal range Also increases lipolysis and formation of ketones
43
Deficiency of GH results in
Dwarfism
44
Excessive GH secretion results in
Acromegaly
45
What two hormones are released from posterior pituitary?
ADH and Oxytocin
46
Prepropressophysin is the peptide precursor of
ADH
47
Prepropressophysin contains
ADH + neurophysin II, plus signal peptide
48
Prepro-oxyphysin is the peptide precursor of
Oxytocin
49
Major stimulus for oxytocin secretion
Suckling
50
Non-major stimulation of oxytocin
Stimulation of cervix by fetus, resulting in uterine contractions
51
Does oxytocin work on male reproductive organs, or only female?
Male too!
52
Decreased plasma osmolarity stimulate ADH or inhibit
Inhibit
53
Increased blood volume stimulate ADH or inhibit
Inhibit
54
Increased blood pressure stimulate ADH or inhibit
Inhibit
55
Increased plasma osmolarity stimulate ADH or inhibit
Stimulate
56
Decreased blood volume stimulate ADH or inhibit
Stimulate
57
Ethanol stimulate ADH or inhibit
Inhibit
58
Decreased blood pressure stimulate ADH or inhibit
Stimulate
59
Pain and nausea stimulate ADH or inhibit
Stimulate
60
Hypoglycemia stimulate ADH or inhibit
Stimulate
61
Glucocorticoids stimulate ADH or inhibit
Inhibit
62
Where does ADH have its two major actions?
Kidney and vascular smooth muscle
63
What is the ADH receptor?
V2 receptor
64
V2 receptor uses what enzyme and second messenger system
Adenylyl cyclase + cAMP
65
In the kidneys, when ADH increases it increases the water permeability of what cells
Principal cells
66
In the kidneys, when ADH increases it increases the water permeability of principal cells where?
Distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of kidneys
67
When cAMP is activated in the kidneys, what is inserted into the membrane of principal cells?
Aquaporin 2
68
Aquaporin 2 inserted into membrane of principal cells when ADH is increased results in dilute or concentrated urine?
Concentrated
69
Disease that involves lack of ADH secretion (circulating ADH is low)--> Can be located at hypothalamus or pituitary
Central diabetes insipidous
70
Disease in which posterior pituitary normal, but principal cells in collecting duct unresponsive to ADH
Peripheral or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Physiology Exam 3 (13 decks)

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