Leishmaniasis Flashcards
What are the different types of leishmaniasis disease?
Cutaneous
Diffuse cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Visceral
What is the vector for leishmaniasis and which species operate in which zones?
Sand flies
Old world- phlebotmous
New world- lutzomyia
Which species of leishmaniasis cause CL in old world?
L. Major
L. Tropica
L. Infantum
Which species of leishmaniasis cause CL in the new world?
L. Viviannia
Braziliensis
Mexicana
Panamensis
What is he presentation on cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions?
Small red papule to module to ulcer which then heals
What is leishmania recividans and what causes it?
L tropica
Recurrent facial lesions that can persist for decades
Mainly seen in Syria/Iraq/Iran
What causes diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and what is it?
L braziliensis
L mexicana
Single nodule that spreads to multiple sites
Has poor response to treatment
What is mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and what causes it?
L braziliensis
Mainly in Ecuador, Bolivia, north Brazil
Parasites travel to mucocutaneous junctions and erode soft tissues leading to secondary bacterial infections
What causes visceral leishmaniasis in the old world and where?
L donovani
L infantum
Mainly affects children
In North India, Bangladesh and Nepal
What causes visceral leishmaniasis in the new world?
L infantum
What happens in leishmaniasis and what symptoms do they get?
Infected macrophages invade spleen, BM and liver
Pancytopenia Intermittent fever Splenomegaly> hepatomegaly Lymphadenopathy Darkening of skin Epistaxis Weight loss Large number are asymptomatic
What is post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis?
Hypopigmented or erythematous rash on face and upper body, turns papular and nodular. Filled with amastigote infected histiocytes therefore large reservoir
Happens 6months to several years after after treatment for VL
Largely in Sudan
How can you diagnose leishmaniasis?
Microscopy/cultures from biopsies or aspirates
Serology for visceral donovani rK39 antigen
Molecular PCR
What are the systemic treatment options for leishmaniasis?
Pentavalent antimonials
Liposomal amphotericin B
Paromomycin for VL
Miltefosine- PO
What are the topical treatment options for cutaneous leishmaniasis?
Cryotherapy
Thermotherapy
Topical paromomycin
