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anatomy and physiology > lesson 1 and 2 > Flashcards

lesson 1 and 2 Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the definition of superior (cranial)?

A

Upper part of the body

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2
Q

What is the definition of inferior (caudal)?

A

Lower part of the body

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3
Q

What is the definition of medial?

A

Middle part of the body

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4
Q

What is the definition of anterior (ventral)?

A

Front; body surface

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5
Q

What is the definition of posterior (dorsal)?

A

Back of the body

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6
Q

What is the definition of lateral?

A

Outer part of the body

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7
Q

What is the definition of intermediate?

A

Between medial and lateral

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8
Q

What is the definition of proximal?

A

Close to the origin

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9
Q

What is the definition of distal?

A

Farther from the origin

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10
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Control center (DNA)

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11
Q

What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

A

Barrier double phospholipid membrane

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12
Q

What travels through nuclear pores?

A

Ribosomes

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13
Q

What is chromatin?

A

DNA and protein scattered throughout the nucleolus

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14
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Barrier double phospholipid layer

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15
Q

What are the specializations of the plasma membrane?

A

Microvilli, membrane junctions

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16
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Materials outside the nucleus and plasma membrane

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17
Q

What is membrane transport?

A

Movement of substances in and out of the cell

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18
Q

What does membrane transport involve?

A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane

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19
Q

Why is membrane transport important?

A

Allows the cell to obtain necessary nutrients and eliminate waste products

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20
Q

What are the two main types of membrane transport?

A

Passive transport and active transport

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21
Q

What is passive transport?

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A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of energy

22
Q

What is active transport?

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A

Movement of substances across the cell membrane with the use of energy

23
Q

What are the two types of transport methods?

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A

Passive and active

24
Q

What type of transport method does not require energy?

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A

Passive Transport

25
What is the process of simple diffusion of water called?
Osmosis
26
What is the solvent in a solution?
The dissolving agent
27
What are the solutes in a solution?
The components that dissolve
28
What type of fluid is the fluid inside the cell called?
Intracellular fluid
29
What is the fluid on the exterior of the cell called?
Interstitial fluid
30
What allows materials to pass while excluding others?
Selective permeability
31
What process requires a protein carrier for passive transport?
Facilitated diffusion
32
What is the process of particles distributing themselves evenly within a solution?
Diffusion
33
What is the term for substances that are unable to pass by diffusion?
Active transport
34
What is the process of moving substances against a concentration gradient?
Solute pumping
35
What is the term for the transport of extracellular substances that are engulfed in a membranous vesicle?
Endocytosis
36
What is the term for the process of a cell eating?
Phagocytosis
37
What is the term for the process of a cell drinking?
Pinocytosis
38
What is the purpose of cell division?
Replication; growth and repair
39
What is DNA replication?
Duplication of genetic material
40
What does cell division do to prepare for division?
Readies cell for division
41
What are the two events of cell division?
Mitosis and cytokinesis
42
What are the stages of mitosis?
Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
43
What happens in the interphase stage?
No cell division, carries out metabolic activity and growth
44
What happens in metaphase?
Spindle fibers are aligned in the center of the cell
44
What happens in anaphase?
Daughter cells are pulled toward the poles
45
Building materials and enzymes
Daughter nuclei begin forming
46
What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?
Transfer amino acids for building protein
47
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
Carries instructions for building a protein
48
What is the purpose of transcription?
Transfer information from DNA to mRNA
49
What is translation?
Base sequence of nucleic acid is translated to amino acid sequence
50
What are proteins used for in cells?
Building materials and enzymes

anatomy and physiology (8 decks)

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