muscular system

Question 1

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 1

RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL TYPES OF BODY MOVEMENT – THEY CONTRACT OR SHORTEN AND ARE THE MACHINE OF THE BODY

Question 2

WHAT ARE THE FOUR MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM?

Answer 2

1. PRODUCE MOVEMENT
2. MAINTAIN POSTURE
3. STABILIZE JOINTS
4. GENERATE HEAT

Question 3

WHAT ARE THE THREE BASIC MUSCLE TYPES?

Answer 3

1. SKELETAL MUSCLE
2. CARDIAC MUSCLE
3. SMOOTH MUSCLE

Question 4

PREFIX: MYO

Answer 4

MUSCLES

Question 5

PREFIX: MYS

Answer 5

MUSCLE

Question 6

PREFIX: SACRO

Answer 6

FLESH

Question 7

CONTRACTION IS DUE TO…

Answer 7

THE MOVEMENT OF MICROFILAMENTS

Question 8

STRIATED

Answer 8

VISIBLE BONDING

Question 9

VOLUNTARY

Answer 9

SUBJECT TO CONSCIOUS CONTROL

Question 10

CONNECTIVE TISSUE AROUND A FASCICLE (BUNDLE) OF FIBERS

Answer 10

PERIMYSIUM

Question 10

CONNECTIVE TISSUE AROUND SINGLE MUSCLE FIBER

Answer 10

ENDOMYSIUM

Question 11

CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT COVERS THE ENTIRE SKELETAL MUSCLE

Answer 11

EPIMYSIUM

Question 12

CONNECTIVE TISSUE OUTSIDE OF THE EPIMYSIUM

Answer 12

FASCIA

Question 13

A CORD-LIKE STRUCTURE IN EPIMYSIUM

Answer 13

TENDON

Question 14

A SHEET-LIKE STRUCTURE IN EPIMYSIUM

Answer 14

APONEUROSES

Question 15

BLENDS INTO A CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACHMENT

Answer 15

EPIMYSIUM

Question 16

SITES OF MUSCLE ATTACHMENTS

Answer 16

BONES, CARTILAGES, AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE COVERINGS

Question 17

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SMOOTH MUSCLES?

Answer 17

NO STRIATIONS
SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS
SINGLE NUCLEUS
INVOLUNTARILY – NO CONSCIOUS CONTROL
FOUND IN THE WALLS OF HOLLOW ORGANS
SLOW, SUSTAINED AND TIRELES

Question 18

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC MUSCLE?

Answer 18

HAS STRIATIONS, SINGLE NUCLEUS, JOINED TO ANOTHER MUSCLE AT AN INTERCALATED DISC
INVOLUNTARY, FOUND ONLY IN THE HEART, STEADY PACE

Question 19

CELLS ARE MULTINUCLEATE
NUCLEI ARE BENEATH SACROLEMMA

Answer 19

SEGMENT OF MUSCLE FIBERS

Question 20

A SPECIALIZED PLASMA MEMBRANE IS CALLED?

Answer 20

SACROLEMMA

Question 21

A SPECIALIZED SMOOTH ER IS CALLED?

Answer 21

SACROPLASMIC RETICULUM

Question 22

IT IS THE BINDLES OF MYOFILAMENTS ALIGNED TO GIVE DISTANT BANDS

Answer 22

MYOFIBRIL

Question 23

WHAT TYPE OF BAND IS I BAND?

Answer 23

LIGHT BAND

Question 24

WHAT TYPE OF BAND IS A BAND?

Answer 24

DARK BAND

Question 25

ITS THE CONTRACTILE UNIT OF MUSCLE FIBERS

Answer 25

SACROMERE

Question 32

IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SACROMERE, WHAT KIND OF FILAMENT IS THE MYOSIN FILAMENTS (COMPOSED OF PROTEIN MYOSIN AND HAS ATPase ENZYMES) BELONG TO?

Answer 32

THICK FILAMENTS

Question 32

IT HAS THE ABILITY TO SHORTEN WHEN AN ADEQUATE STIMULUS IS RECEIVED

Answer 32

CONTRACTILITY

Question 32

WHEN THE MYOSIN AND ACTIVE OVERLAP, ITS CALLED?

Answer 32

MYOSIN FILAMENTS

Question 32

IN THE ORGANIZATION OF SACROMERE, WHAT KIND OF FILAMENT IS THE ACTIN FILAMENTS (COMPOSED OF THE PROTEIN ACTIN) BELONG TO?

Answer 32

THIN FILAMENTS

Question 32

A NERVE STIMULUS THAT MUST BE STIMULATED BY A NERVE MOTOR UNIT: ONE NEURON MUSCLE CELLS STIMULATED BY THAT NEURON

Answer 32

SKELETAL MUSCLES

Question 32

ITS THE ABILITY TO RECEIVE AND RESPOND TO A STIMULUS

Answer 32

IRRITABILITY

Question 32

ITS THE ASSOCIATION SITE OF NERVE AND MUSCLE

Answer 32

NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTIONS

Question 32

THE GAP BETWEEN THE NERVE AND THE MUSCLE IS CALLED?

Answer 32

SYNAPTIC CLEFT

Question 32

1. MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTION IS “ALL OR NONE” 2. WITHIN A SKELETAL MUSCLE, NOT ALL FIBERS MAY BE STIMULATED DURING THE SAME INTERVAL 3. DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF MUSCLE FIBER CONTRACTIONS MAY GIVE DIFFERENT RESPONSES 4. GRADED RESPONSES – DIFFERENT DEGREES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE SHORTENING; RAPID STIMULUS = CONSTANT CONTACTION OR TETANUS

Answer 32

CONTRACTION OF A SKELETAL MUSCLE

Question 32

1. MUSCLES USED STORED ATP FOR ENERGY *BONDS OF ATP ARE BROKEN TO RELEASE ENERGY *ONLY 4-6 SECONDS WORTH OF ATP IS STORED BY MUSCLES 2. AFTER THIS, OTHER PATHWAYS MUST BE UTILIZED TO PRODUCE ATP

Answer 32

ENERGY FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 32

1. ACTIVATION BY NERVE CAUSES MYOSIN HEADS (CROSSBRIDGES) TO ATTACH TO BINDING SITES ON THE THIN FILAMENT 2. MYOSIN HEADS THEN BIND TO THE NEXT SITE OF THE THIN FILAMENT 3. THIS CONTINUED ACTION CAUSES A SLIDING OF THE MYOSIN ALONG THE ACTIN 4. THE RESULT IS THAT THE MUSCLE IS SHORTENED (CONTRACTED)

Answer 32

THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION

Question 33

* REACTION THAT BREAKSDOWN GLUCOSE WITH OXYGEN * GLUCOSE IS BROKE DOWN TO PYRUVIC ACID TO PRODUCE SOME ATP * PYRUVID ACID IS CONVERTED TO LACTIC ACID * THIS REACTION IS NOT AS EFFICIENT, BUT IS FAST * HUGE AMOUNTS OF GLUCOSE ARE NEEDED * LACTIC ACID PRODUCES MUSCLE FATIGUE

Answer 33

ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS

Question 33

1. MUSCLE FORCE DEPENDS UPON THE NUMBER OF FIBERS STIMULATED 2. MORE FIBERS CONTRACTING RESULTS IN GREATER MUSCLE TENSION 3. MUSCLES CAN CONTINUE TO CONTRACT UNLESS THEY RUN OUT OF ENERGY

Answer 33

MUSCLE RESPONSE TO STRONG STIMULI

Question 33

* MUSCLE CELLS CONTAIN CREATINE PHOSPHATE (CP); CP IS A HIGH ENERGY MOLECULE * AFTER ATP IS DEPLETED, ADP IS LEFT * CP TRANSFERS ENERGY TO ADP, TO REGENERATE ATP * CP SUPPLIES ARE EXHAUSTED IN ABOUT 20 SECONDS

Answer 33

DIRECT PHOSPHORYLATION

Question 33

* SERIES OF METABOLIC PATHWAYS THAT OCCUR IN THE MITOCHONDRIA * GLUCOSE IS BROKEN DOWN TO CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER, RELEASING ENERGY * THIS IS A SLOWER REACTION THAT REQUIRES CONTINUOUS OXYGEN

Answer 33

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Question 33

* WHEN A MUSCLE IS FATIGUED, IT IS UNABLE TO CONTRACT * REASON: OXYGEN DEBT * OXYGEN MUST BE REPAID TO TISSUE TO REMOVE OXYGEN DEBT * OXYGEN IS REQUIRED TO GET RID OF ACCUMULATED LACTIC ACID * INCREASING ACIDITY (FROM LACTIC ACID) AND LACK OF ATP CAUSES THE MUSCLE TO CONTRACT LESS

Answer 33

MUSCLE FATIGUE AND OXYGEN DEBT

Question 34

A TYPE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTTIONS WHERE MYOFILAMENTS ARE ABLE TO SLIDE PAST EACH OTHER DURING CONTRACTIONS; THE MUSCLE SHORTENS

Answer 34

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS

Question 35

A TYPE OF CONTRACTION WHERE THE TENSION IN THE MUSCLES INCREASES; THE MUSCLE IS UNABLE TO SHORTEN

Answer 35

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS