Lesson 10 Keywords Flashcards
(21 cards)
growth rate = births - deaths + net migration
basic demographic equation
a place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their own food
city
the annual number of births per 1,000 people
crude birth rate
the annual number of deaths per 1,000 people
crude death rate
a three-stage historical process of population growth. First, high birth rates and high death rates; second, high birth rates and low death rates; and third, low birth rates and low death rates. A fourth stage of population shrinkage may be emerging in the Most Industrialized Nations
demographic transition
the three factors that influence population growth
demographic variables
the withdrawal of investments by banks, which seals the fate of an urban area
disinvestment
the use of economic incentives in a designated area with the intention of encouraging investment there
enterprise zone
a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, thus accelerating in the latter stages
exponential growth curve
the number of children that women are capable of bearing
fecundity
the number of children that the average woman bears
fertility rate
the net change in a population after adding births, subtracting deaths, and adding or subtracting net migration
growth rate
the process of a group of people displacing a group whose racial-ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own
invasion-succession cycle
an observation by Thomas Malthus that, although the food supply increases arithmetically (from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4, etc.), population grows geometrically (from 2 to 4 to 8 to 16, etc.)
Malthus theorem
a city of ten million or more residents
megacity
an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and many suburbs
megalopolis
a central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs
metropolis
the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 people
net migration rate
the process by which a country’s population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate
population shrinkage
the rehabilitation of a rundown area of a city, which usually results in the displacement of the poor who are living there
urban renewal
a demographic condition in which women bear only enough children to reproduce the population
zero population growth
